In Vivo Toxic and Teratogenic Effects of Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles in The Embryos of the Zebrafish, Danio rerio.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India

2 Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, TN, India

Abstract

In the current study, AgNPs synthesized using Bacopa monnieri were characterized by FTIR, UV-Spectrophotometry, XRD, and SEM measurements and subjected to diverse antimicrobial and toxicity assays. FTIR spectrum confirmed the involvement of amines, phenols, alkenes, amides, aromatic, and nitro compounds in the capping and reduction of AgNPs while XRD characterized the crystalline particles presenting a spherical structure around 24nm. SEM measurements showed a spherical and polygonal structure with size ranging from 35-45 nm indicating polydispersity. Comparative toxicity assays of Bacopa monnieri leaf extracts with nanosynthesized AgNPs on Danio rerio embryos, confirmed that mortality, hatchability, heartbeat rate, teratogenicity, and embryogenicity were concentration-dependent. Lethal effects were pronounced in nanosynthesised AgNPs whereas sub lethal and teratogenic toxicity effects like lordosis, scoliosis, edema and growth retardation were expressed in 84% of the exposed models. The incidence of scoliosis was found to be higher in all concentrations suggesting a possible alteration in the WNT Genes. The antimicrobial study confirmed the toxic effect of AgNPs of B. monnieri. This study gives newer dimensions in the furtherance of toxicity studies on green synthesized nanoparticles. 

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