Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075911120190601Effect of Arthropods on the Decomposition of Rat Carrions in an Aerated Environment in Spring Season in Assiut, Egypt1122692910.21608/eajbsz.2019.26929ENFatma El-Zahraa A.Abd El-AzizDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, EgyptDoaa M.El ShehabyDepartment of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut
University, EgyptJournal Article20190101Arthropods represent one of the most important invertebrates to arrive and colonize carrion. <strong>Objective:</strong> The present investigation aimed to determine the arthropods fauna of forensic importance that colonizes carrion in an aerated environment during Spring season in Assiut, Egypt. <strong>Methods:</strong> Experimental models rates were killed and divided into Seven groups three rats in each group. Group 1;Control, Group 2 ; Drowning, Group 3;Electro cusion, Group 4 ;Stab of the heart, Group5; Heart-abdomen stab, Group 6;Cold and Group 7; Burn. Rats were used to determine succession in an aerated area during the spring of 2018 in Assiut governorate,Egypt. <strong>Results:</strong> The present results indicated that the arthropods of forensic importance, represented by the thirteen taxa belong to phylum Arthropoda and 10 families, Family: Calliphoridae represented by <em>Chrysomya albiceps </em>(5%), Family: Muscidae represented by<em> Musca domestica</em> (33%), Family: Sarcophagidae represented by<em> Sarcophaga</em> sp.(23%),<em> Wohlfahrtia magnifica </em>(22 %)and <em>Parasarcophaga orgyrostama</em>( 2%), Family: Dermestidae represented by<em> Dermestes maculates</em>(1 %) and<em> Dermestes frischi</em>(1 %), Family: Histeridae represented by<em> Saprinus</em> sp. (4 %), Family: Pteromalidae represented by<em> Nasonia </em>sp. (2 %), Family: Lycosidae represented by spider ( 3%), Family: Pyroglyphidae represented by<em> Dermatophagoides sp.</em> (1 %)<em>,</em> Family: Cimicidae represented by<em> Cimex lectulari</em>s (2 %) and Family: Porcellionidae represented by<em> Porcellionides pruinosus </em>(1 %)<strong>.</strong> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present investigation submitted a basis for further studies dealing with arthropods colonization of carrions. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075911120190601Optimization of Xylazine-Ketamine Anesthetic Dose in Mice with Chronic Liver Injury13182830710.21608/eajbsz.2019.28307ENMohamed WefkyEl-SherifDepartment of surgery, faculty of veterinary medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga, New Valley, Egypt.Journal Article20181208<strong>Objective:</strong>The aim of the present study was to find the safest and appropriate intraperitoneal injection dose of Ketamine-Xylazine cocktail for short to the medium-duration surgical procedure (ultrasound-guided liver biopsy) in rats suffering chronic liver injury.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong>Four anesthetic doses of Ketamine-Xylazine combination were compared for their safety and efficacy (death rate and surgical tolerance), using observations and reflex tests. Anesthesia evaluated during ultrasound-guided liver biopsy procedure. The reactions of physiological parameters to surgical stimuli were used to determine anesthesia depth and were correlated with reflex test results.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Full dose of Ketamine-Xylazine (87 mg/ kg- 13 mg/ kg) rapidly induced a deep state of anesthesia that lasted for about 70 minutes followed by complete cessation of respiration and death. Three-quarters dose of the cocktail also, rapidly induced a deep state of anesthesia that lasted 45 minutes. Anesthesia was adequate to perform the procedure. Recovery was long. No postoperative complications detected. Half dose of the Ketamine-Xylazine cocktail was short acting. Very good analgesia and muscle relaxation were recorded. Anesthesia lasted for about 30 minutes that was adequate for performing the procedure. Physiological parameters decreased followed by rapid stabilization. Smooth recovery noted. No postoperative complication recorded. Quarter dose produced a state of sedation. Analgesia and muscle relaxation were poor. Animals showed pain during manipulation. The procedure could not be achieved. <br /> <strong>Conclusions:</strong>The optimal intraperitoneal dose of Ketamine-Xylazine cocktail for balanced anesthesia in lab rats suffering chronic liver injury is (43.5 mg/kg and 6.5 mg/kg) respectively. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075911120190601The Scorpion Fauna of the Southwestern Part of Saudi Arabia19292856510.21608/eajbsz.2019.28565ENAbdulaziz R.M.AlqahtaniDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, p.o. 551, Saudi Arabia,BelalElgammalDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, p.o. Box 551, Saudi Arabia,Khaled IsmailGhalebDepartment of laboratory, Sciences College of applied medical sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, p.o. Box 551, Saudi ArabiaAhmedBadryDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190101The diversity of the scorpion fauna of the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia was examined based on a large collection covering most of four major regions. Fifteen scorpion species were collected during field expedition and identified in a light of recent revisionary systematics. Family Buthidae was represented by twelve species in nine genera (<em>Androctonus, Buthacus, Compsobuthus, Hottentotta, Leiurus, Orthochirus, Parabuthus, Trypanothacus</em> and <em>Vachoniolus</em>) and family Scorpionidae by three species in two genera (<em>Nebo</em> and <em>Scorpio</em>). <em>Buthacus yotvatensis</em> is recorded for the first time in Saudi Arabia.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075911120190601Morphological and Morphometric Characterization of Four Monogenean Parasites from Fishes of the River Nile, Qena Governorate, Egypt31452907710.21608/eajbsz.2019.29077ENAbdel-Nasser A.HusseinDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptKhalaf N.AmmarDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptAliMansourDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptKareemMorsyDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190118Monogenea is a class constituting the ectoparasitic flukes mainly on skin and gills of fish, with greater diversity of species worldwide. In the present study, four different species of monogenean parasites were recorded; they were isolated from gills of four freshwater fish species captured from locations along the River Nile, Qena governorate, Egypt. These were <em>Cichlidogyrus aegypticus </em>from<em> Oreochromis niloticus</em> (93.33, 28/30); <em>Protoancylodiscoides malapteruri </em>from <em>Malapterurus electricus</em> (90%, 18/ 20). <em>Quadricanthus bagrae</em> from <em>Bagrus bajad</em> (30%, 15/ 50), and <em>Ancyrocephalus</em> sp. from <em>Mormyrus kannume </em>(75%, 30/ 40). The recovered parasites were described by light microscopy, where the different sclerotized parts of the haptor and copulatory organs were used as key of identification of each species. <em>C. aegypticus</em> can be differentiated by the presence of haptor with two pairs of strongly developed anchors, two long projections of the complex bar and a narrow copulatory tube with a wide basal funnel. <em>P. malapteruri</em> was characterized by the presence of broad haptor with two large dorsal and two small ventral hamuli. <em>Ancyrocephalus</em> sp. was characterized by a haptor which was not clearly demarcated from the anterior body with ventral and dorsal anchors similar in shape. <em>Quadriacanthus bagrae</em> was discriminated by possessing a complex bar with long projection at the center and two long ends, the dorsal and ventral anchors were without distinct roots. The present study represented new locality records for these species off the River Nile, Qena governorate, Egypt.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075911120190601Comparative Morphometric Studies of the Cranium in the Three Types of Birds with Different Feeding Behaviors47572947110.21608/eajbsz.2019.29471ENFathy M.Elshaer1-Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
2-Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190120<strong> </strong>The present work was particularly designed to study the comparative anatomy of the skull of three different feeding Aves species inhibiting in Egypt. This study demonstrates that both size and shape are important components in the morphological differentiation of the skulls of carnivorous Kingfisher (<em>Halcyon smyrnensis</em>), insectivore Hoopoes (<em>Upupa epops</em>) and Omnivores Chicken (<em>Gallus gallus domesticus</em>) which clarify the relationship between size, shape of the skull and the type of feeding behavior. This paper presents a morphometric analysis of Kingfisher, Hoopoes and chicken skulls. Analyses are performed using traditional analytic and morphometric methods. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075911120190601Collection and Identification of Bioinvasive Spider Crab Acanthonyx euryseroche Griffin & Tranter, 1986 From Buleji, East Coast, Pakistan59632947210.21608/eajbsz.2019.29472ENNuzhatAfsarInstitute of Marine Science, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, PakistanSyeda SobiaNasirInstitute of Marine Science, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, PakistanAbdulGhaniInstitute of Marine Science, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, PakistanJournal Article20190302Two female specimens of bioinvasive spider crab <em>Acanthonyx euryseroche</em> Griffin & Tranter, 1986 were collected alive in association with brown seaweeds from lower intertidal zone of Buleji (24<sup>o</sup>50’356”N 66<sup>o</sup>49’368”E) situated in the vicinity of the largest shipping port along the Karachi coast, Pakistan (Northern Arabian Sea). Collected <em>Acanthonyx euryseroche </em>transported to laboratory and housed in sea water filled glass aquarium for further taxonomic studies. Any previous published record of occurrence of this species is not available from Pakistan. Main feature of this species observed to have seaweeds leafy structures affixed on their head region that they use for camouflage thus hide themselves inside the seaweeds for protection purpose. <em>A. euryseroche</em> has been declared invasive alien species to the Indo-Pak region. Invasive alien species (IAS) spread outside of their natural distribution and considered a threat to indigenous biodiversity. Entry of this alien species in Pakistani water could be destructive to the native species. Hence, occurrence of <em>A. euryseroche </em>requires more rigorous study, monitoring and management plan. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075911120190601Ameliorative Role of Lactoferrin on Osteoporosis Caused by Glucocorticoids65762994810.21608/eajbsz.2019.29948ENRana A.AliDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena,
EgyptGhada A.MubarkDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena,
EgyptJournal Article20190305Lactoferrin is derived from its past classification as a major iron-binding protein in milk,Which was in bovine milk. Osteoporosis is a major disease affecting human bone. Which is caused by endocrinological disorders and drugs Glucocorticoids – induced osteoporosis is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis.The current study was aimed to study the curative role of natural substances (lactoferrin) on the osteoporosis caused by glucocorticoids (prednisone) and comparing its curative effect with sodium alendronate the common therapy for osteoporosis. Our experiment included 8 groups in each group 10 adult’s albino rats 4 groups male or the other groups are female. First group (normal females) and fifth group (normal males) were given saline for two months. Second group (control females) and sixth group (control males) were given prednisone orally (25mg/kg b. w.) day after day for two months. Third group (treated females) and seventh group(treated males)were given(25mg/ kg b.w.) day after day for two months and then lactoferrin (0.85 mg/kg body weight) daily for two months. Fourth group (treated females) and eighth group(treated males) were given (25mg/ kg b.w.) day after day for two months and then sodium alendronate (300 μg/kg b.w.) once weekly for two months. After treatment, blood samples were collected for estimating calcium, phosphorous, PTH and testosterone levels in serum. Right femur bones were removed for determining the density, calcium and phosphorous content. The results indicated that lactoferrin and prednisone were increased serum calcium and PTH levels P < (0.05), in males and females animals and decreased serum phosphorous for the two sexes, but for testosterone there was a non-significant decrease for female animals and a significant decrease for male animals. Administration of lactoferrin was ameliorated the disturbances of bone. The result suggests that lactoferrin may improve prednisone -induced osteoporosis.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075911120190601Food Composition, Preference and Feeding Habits of Two Caridean Species in the Interconnecting Lagoons of South-Western Nigeria.77842996710.21608/eajbsz.2019.29967ENMosunmolaAkinwunmiDepartment of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Lawal-Are AderonkeOmolaraDepartment of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, NigeriaAyoola SimeonOluwatoyinDepartment of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, NigeriaJournal Article20190201The genus <em>Macrobrachium </em>are decapods that have been identified globally in terms of their economic importance and possibility of recruitment into aquaculture. <em>Macrobrachium macrobrachion</em> (Herklots 1851) and <em>Macrobrachium vollenhovenii </em>(Herklots 1857) are the two largest species of the genus <em>Macrobrachium</em> in Nigerian waters. The study investigated the stomach contents of <em>M. macrobrachion </em>(Herklots 1851) and <em>M. vollenhovenii</em> (Herklots 1857) from three interconnecting lagoons (Badagry, Lagos and Epe) of Southwest Nigeria between June 2013 and May 2015 (24 months). A total of 3294 specimens of <em>M. macrobrachion </em>were examined for food and feeding habits from the three lagoons (1606 from Badagry, 778 from Lagos and 910 from Epe Lagoons) while a total of 1435 <em>M. vollenhovenii</em> were examined for food and feeding habits from the three lagoons (164 from Badagry, 146 from Lagos and 1125 from Epe Lagoons). The stomach contents of <em>M. macrobrachion </em>and <em>M. vollenhovenii</em> from the three lagoons were made up of Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Bivalves, Crustaceans, Copepods and detrital materials. The results of the food and feeding habit showed that <em>M. macrobrachion</em> and <em>M. vollenhovenii </em>are omnivorous in nature with the preference for detritus. Thus, there is a change in their feeding habit from omnivorous to planktivores and/or detritivores.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075911120190601A Study on the Effect of Vitamin E on Histomorphological and Immunohistochemical Changes Induced By Electromagnetic Field85993068110.21608/eajbsz.2019.30681ENMagda S.HanafyDepartment of Physics, branch of Biophysics Faculty of Science Zagazig University, EgyptNahla H.El-shaerZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, EgyptAmanyEl AttarDepartment of Physics, branch of Biophysics Faculty of Science Zagazig University, EgyptManar HArafaDepartment of forensic medicine & toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.Journal Article20190203<strong>Background:</strong> Electromagnetic fields has increased gradually due to technology expansion and thus continues exposure to it may affect the biological system, so that the present work aimed to study the biological effect of non-ionizing radiation magnetic field from power line of 50 Hz which caused by devices become widely used in human activity on the structural properties of cerebral cortex and the possible protective role of vitamin E on it through the histopathological and immunohistochemical study .<br /> <strong>Result:</strong> Thirty mice were divided into three groups, group I (control) , group II animals of this group exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF – MF) generated by electrical device (2mT- 20G) for a total period 45 day(2h/day) and group III exposed to the same field and period after adding vitamin E (200 mg /kg) B.W. along with the drinking water. The results showed many changes such as neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in number of Purkinje cells and showing a decreased reactivity in carbohydrates , protein ,DNA and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) content in (MF) treated group as compared to control , such changes showed improvement of the histolomorpholigical and immunohistochemical changes in magnetic field (MF) and vitamin E treated group. <br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Electromagnetic fields exposure led to degenerative changes on cerebellar cortex, and the data collected from histopathological and immunohistochemical study revealed a protective effect of vitamin E on cellular cortex layers of the cerebellar cortex Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075911120190601Survey and Population Density of Some Rodent Species in Sahel Silem District at Assiut Governorate1011073076910.21608/eajbsz.2019.30769ENY. M.A.Abd El GalilPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190205Survey and population density of rodent species at Sahel Silem District, Assiut Governorate in two different habitats; field crops and village houses, were conducted during two successive years from 2015 to 2017. The obtained results recorded, three rodent species: the fruit rat, <em>Rattus rattus </em>(Linnaeus), the Nile Field rat or the Nile grass,<em> Arvicanthis niloticus</em> (Desmart) and the wildNorwayrat<em>, Rattus norvegicus </em>(Berkanhout), in spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons during the experimental period<strong>. </strong>In addition, the high population density was recorded for the dominant rodent species, <em>Rattus rattus </em>in field crops while; low population density was recorded for, <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> in field crops. Moreover, <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> was dominant and the highest numbers in village houses. Furthermore, the results proved that the field crops were attacked by rodent species more than village houses during the experimental period.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075911120190601Toxic and Teratogenic Effects of Sampa-Sampalukan (Phyllanthus niruri) Leaves Extract Using Danio rerio Embryo Assay1091153083910.21608/eajbsz.2019.30839ENI. Q.LambanAssemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School, Lias Marilao, Bulacan, PhilippinesE. S.BalbeunaAssemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School, Lias Marilao, Bulacan, PhilippinesM. Y. S.LeeDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Bulacan State University, City of Malolos, Bulacan, PhilippinesM.SacdalanDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Bulacan State University, City of Malolos, Bulacan, PhilippinesA. P.Arpio JR.Department of Biology, College of Science, Bulacan State University, City of Malolos, Bulacan, PhilippinesKevin Smith P.CabuhatAD-DRUGSTEL Pharmaceutical Laboratories Incorporation, First Bulacan Industrial City, Tikay, Malolos, Bulacan, PhilippinesJournal Article20190112<strong> </strong>This paper established toxic and teratogenic effects of <em>P. nururi</em> leaves extract to the embryonic development of <em>D. rerio</em>. After 12 hours of exposure to various treatment concentrations, 100% coagulated embryos were observed in 1% and higher concentrations. Meanwhile, mortality in lower concentrations was found to be as time and dose-dependent. Coagulation was the most remarkable toxic effect of the plant leaves extract. On the other hand, heartbeat and hatchability rate of zebrafish embryo was affected in a dose-dependent manner. In teratogenicity testing, tail malformation was the most evident teratogenic effect of the plant leaves extract. Taken together, <em>P. niruri</em> leaves extract was embryo-toxic and teratogenic to <em>D. rerio</em>. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075911120190601Physiological Adaptations and Behavioral Responses of Janitor Fish (Ancistrus sp. orange) to High Temperature1171263084010.21608/eajbsz.2019.30840ENJulie SBerameCaraga State University, Butuan City
Ampayon0000-0003-0200-0744Noel F.AlfonsoDe La Salle University, Manila, PhilippinesJournal Article20181210The study aims to determine the effect of high warming temperature on the behavioral responses of the <em>Ancistrus sp. orange</em> on the rates of ventilation, intake of food, and patterns of behavior at normal (21 0C to 26 0C) and high temperature (26<sup>+</sup> 0C) in the present warming scenario. The non-experimental and experimental data were running in a One-Way ANOVA in order to determine the significant difference in the effect of temperatures, rates of ventilation, intake of food, and patterns of behavior. Statistical analysis was performed at 0.05 level of significance. Based on the findings of the study, it found out that <em>Ancistrus sp. orange</em> showed resistance in heat stress but is it projected to go through any physiological impairment when they exposed longer into an increasing temperature. Their food intake has no significant difference with a p-value of .594, but behavioral changes and ventilation rates were significantly affected with the increased high temperature with a p-value of .00).