Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07591120091201Effect of salinity and drought on the survival of Biomphalaria arabica, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni in Saudi Arabia161601710.21608/eajbsz.2009.16017ENOsama M. S.MostafaZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ., Abbassia 11566, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181006The effect of salinity and drought as two<br />important abiotic factors on the<br />survival of <em>Biomphalaria arabica</em>, the intermediate host of <em>Schistosoma<br />mansoni</em> in Saudi Arabia<br />was studied in the laboratory. Saudi <em>B. arabica</em> snails were collected<br />from freshwater bodies in Abha, Asser district, Saudi Arabia. Snails were exposed to ten concentrationsof<br />Sodium Chloride as follow: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10‰. In addition, snails<br />were exposed to a series of Sodium Chloride concentrations lie between the<br />concentration that produced 100% mortality and the concentration lies previous<br />to it. In drought experiments, the snails were exposed to complete dryness for<br />12, 24, 36 and 48 hours and the snails in moist soil were examined daily for<br />fifteen days. The results revealed that<br /><em>B. arabica</em>snails remain alive to 5‰ NaCl concentration and 100%<br />mortality occurred at 7.2‰ of NaCl concentration. On the other hand, the<br />ability of thesnails to resist the complete dryness appeared to be<br />limited, since 100% mortality was achieved after 36 hours in absence of lettuce<br />leaves and after 48 hours in the presence of lettuce leaves. The snails in moist soil provided with fresh<br />lettuce leaves remain survive to 15 days without any death. In the case of<br />snails in the moist soil without fresh lettuce leaves, the survival was<br />unaffected until 10<sup>th</sup> day post-exposure, while further increases in<br />exposure period resulted in reductions in survival up to 50% for snails exposed<br />for 15 days. The present investigation declared that <em>B. arabica</em>has<br />a great resistance to salinity increase and this may be explain why<em> B.<br />arabica</em> has a great abundance in KSA. However, the ability of <em>B. arabica<br /></em>snail to resist the dryness appeared to be limited.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07591120091201The efficiency of Trifolium pratense seed extract against the deleterious effects caused by nicotine in the liver of rat7271601810.21608/eajbsz.2009.16018ENHasanEL SayyadDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, EL Mansora UniversityAmna M.MostafaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley UniversityZainabKamalDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley UniversityJournal Article20181006The aim of this study was to determine the adverse effects of maternal nicotine treatment during pregnancy and on rat liver of newborns. Also to determine a protective effect of <em>Trifolium Pratense</em>seed extract against the deleterious effects of nicotine. All groups were treated from the 6<sup>th</sup> day of gestation till parturition. The dams and their newborns were sacrificed and piece of liver from each subjected to the histological studies. The morphological findings of the newborns revealed marked signs of retardation in growth with malformations including superficial haematoma, shortened neck region, kinky tail, uni-and bilateral deformity of both fore and hind limbs and abnormal skin. The histopathological studies on the liver of the maternal nicotine treated and their newborns revealed disruption of hepatic cords arrangement. Blood sinusoids were dilated. The hepatic tissue exhibited inflammatory cells with signs of early cellular granulomatous lesions. Some hepatocytes obliterated and others with karyolysis nuclei. Kupffer cells become hypertrophied and dispersed throughout the hepatic cords. Fatty vacuoles and infiltrations were detected in many of the hepatocytes.
The magnitude of these changes was dose dependent. TPSE supplementation was found to ameliorate an prevent the adverse effects of maternal nicotine treatment morphologically and histologically. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07591120091201Seasonal occurrence of spiders (Araneida) in open and green house fields of cucumber and pepper in Egypt29361601910.21608/eajbsz.2009.16019ENGihan M. E.SallamPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptNahla A. I.Abd El-AzimPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptMohafez M.Abd-ElaalFaculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181006Spiders found in open and green houses fields of two vegetables (cucumber and pepper) were studied during the cultivation season 2007 and 2008 at Giza region. The obtained data proved that the number of collected spiders associated with cucumber in green house were nine families. Five families of insect pests were recorded and only one mite family, Tetranychidae. Considering the population of the collected spiders and their associated insect and mite pests, the highest total number of these spiders on cucumber plants was recorded during January and then decreased reaching to the lowest population during June. The highest population of insect pests was determined during April while the lowest level of the population was recorded during February. June was the month showed the highest abundance of the spider mites while the lowest population was noticed during January and February. The same spider families were recorded in green houses and in the open field of cucumber and the number of collected individuals were clearly lower than those of green house. April had the highest number of spiders which rapidly decreased reaching to the lowest abundance during May.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07591120091201Survey, population dynamics and importance value of certain land snail species infesting different crops in sharkia governorate37431602010.21608/eajbsz.2009.16020ENSebay Z. S.ShetaiaPlant Protection Reasearch Institute, Agric. Res. Center Dokki, Giza, EgyptShehate A. A.IsmailPlant Protection Reasearch Institute, Agric. Res. Center Dokki, Giza, EgyptSamah M.Abdel-KaderPlant Protection Reasearch Institute, Agric. Res. Center Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181006Survey, population dynamics and importance value of certain land snail species infesting some vegetable and field crops as well as fruit trees ware determined at some localities in Sharkia Governorate. Results revealed that the glassy clover snail <em>Moncha</em>.<em> cartusiana </em>(Muller) and the amber snail, <em>Succinea</em>.<em> putris</em> (linues) were surveyed at Awlad- Sakr and Abo-Kapeer counties.<em> M. cartusiana </em>snails were found with higher density than <em>S. putris. </em>The majority of the examined crops were found with heavy infestation with <em>M. cartusiana </em>snail while <em>S. putris </em>were recorded with moderate or light infestation in the examined localities. Regarding population dynamics, it found that <em>M. cartusiana </em>snail was recorded with high density at the tested winter crops during spring months (March, April and May) as compared with winter or autumn months. Finally, when importance value was determined, it found that frequency occurrence and population density gave different results. The land snail species can be arranged descedingly,according to its importance values as follow: <em>E. vermiculata</em>>, <em>M. cartusiana </em>><em>, C. acuta,</em> ><em> H. vestalis</em>. It may be useful to combine frequency of occurrence, population density and biomass in the form of importance value.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07591120091201Protective effect of green tea extract against cytotoxicity induced by enrofloxacin in rat45641602110.21608/eajbsz.2009.16021ENZowail M.E.M.Zoology department, Faculty of science, Benha University, EgyptKhater E.H.H.Zoology department, Faculty of science, Benha University, EgyptEL-Asrag M.E.M.Zoology department, Faculty of science, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20181006Enrofloxacin is bactericidal and has excellent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.120 male and female adult albino rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus) </em>were allotted among three groups. The animal were given daily 75mg/kg of enrofloxacin intraperitonealy followed by injection of green tea extract 1%,1.5% and 3% for ten days. Various Structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells; mitotic activity and sperm head abnormality were recorded, quantitated, and statistically analyzed. Also DNA extraction and apoptosis detection in liver, kidney, and spleen was done; in addition to RNA damage was detected in lysate tissues. The intensity of apoptotic bands located at 200 b p; 400b p ; 600 b p; 800 b p and intact DNA measured by software Gel Pro program as maximum optical density values. Enrofloxacin had adverse effect on chromosomal and sperm head structure, also it induceapoptosis, necrosis and decrease total RNA in rat tissues. Green tea extract attenuate the enrofloxacin-related toxic effects. The most potent dose of Green tea extract was1% and the less effective was 3%.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07591120091201The influence of prey on size, capture area and mesh height of the orb-web of the garden spider, Argiope aemula (Walckenaer, 1841) (Araneaea: Araneidae)65711602210.21608/eajbsz.2009.16022ENLiza R. -Abrenica-AdamatDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesMark Anthony J.TorresDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesAdelina A.BarrionInstitute of Biological Sciences, U.P. Los Bańos Laguna, PhilippinesAimee Lynn B.DupoInstitute of Biological Sciences, U.P. Los Bańos Laguna, PhilippinesCesar G.DemayoDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesJournal Article20181006The orb-web garden spider <em>Argiope aemula </em>(Walckenaer, 1841) is a sit-and-wait predator. It is argued that it can anticipate its future prey environment by detecting the presence of prey and adjusting their web building behavior accordingly. Therefore this study therefore investigates the influence of the different prey sizes and density of the capture area and mesh height of the webs constructed by the spider<em>.</em> In the laboratory, the spiders were given prey with different size and densities to determine their influence on the web architecture. Results show that spider individuals can increase or decrease the sizes of webs, capture area, and mesh height in response to prey size and density. Starved spiders constructed significantly larger webs than well-fed spiders. In the absence of potential prey, the spiders constructed larger capture area. In the presence of small prey, spiders significantly constructed very narrow- meshed webs or tightly spaced capture spirals than the presence of larger prey but larger than in no prey regime. Similarly, the food deprived spiders spun small-spaced mesh height than well-fed spiders. The results of the present study demonstrate that spiders can manipulate their web architecture in response to different prey sizes and food availability (densities).Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07591120091201Salient features of the orb-web of the garden spider, Argiope luzona (Walckenaer, 1841) (Araneae: Araneidae)73831602310.21608/eajbsz.2009.16023ENLiza R.Abrenica-AdamatDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesMark Anthony J.TorresDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesAdelina A.BarrionInstitute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, U.P. Los Bańos, Laguna, PhilippinesAimee Lynn B.DupoInstitute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, U.P. Los Bańos, Laguna, PhilippinesCesar G.DemayoDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesJournal Article20181006Many orb-web building spiders such as the garden spider <em>Argiope luzona</em> (Walckenaer, 1841) add conspicuous, white zigzag silk decorations termed stabilimenta onto the central portion of the webs. We studied the features of the web of this species by examining the stabilimenta, variations in form and quantity, presence and absence of stabilimentum and structure to be able to understand the nature of web building especially the factors that affect the nature of the built web. Field observations reveal that the stabilimenta of <em>A. luzona</em> are mainly discoid or cruciate which significantly depended on body size. Smaller individuals (body size < 0.6 cm) produced mainly discoid stabilimenta and larger individuals (body size > 0.6 cm) produced strictly cruciate stabilimenta that are 1-armed, 2-armed, 3-armed, 4-armed, or 5-armed. Results also showed that the spiders’ body size was positively correlated to the number of stabilimentum arms, length of upper arms and to the length difference between upper and lower arms. Smaller individuals (body size :<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><</span> 0.8 cm) built 2-armed and 4-armed only while larger individuals (body size :<span style="text-decoration: underline;">></span> 0.8 cm) built 1-armed, 2-armed, 3-armed, 4-armed and 5-armed stabilimenta.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07591120091201Sexual behaviour of university students in south west nigeria85931602410.21608/eajbsz.2009.16024ENOlaitan OlukunmiLanreDepartment of Human Kinetics and Health Edcuation
Universiy of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, NigeriaJournal Article20181006<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The research investigated sexual behavior of University<br />students in south west Nigeria.<br />Four hundred and fifty (450) students selected from south west Nigeria Federal<br />Universities were used for the study. Questionnaires were used for data<br />collection and Chi-square (x) statistical method was employed to analyze data<br />and to test the hypothesis at a=0.05 level of significance. The researcher<br />deduced that all the variables considered had significant influence on the<br />behaviour of students towards sex. The results revealed that the behavior of<br />students towards sex was significantly influenced by their gender, culture,<br />religion and educational status. Based on the outcome of this research, it was recommended<br />that sexual program should be organized in our higher institutions to enlighten<br />students on how to behave, so as to avert the nauseating problem of sexually<br />transmitted infections as well as unwanted pregnancies.</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07591120091201Ectoparasites infesting rats at mostorod and bahteem Districts in Qualubiya Governorate, Egypt951011602510.21608/eajbsz.2009.16025ENMohammad K.YassinDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181006The present research was carried out to study ecto-parasites infesting rats at Mostorod and Bahteem districts, Qaliubiya Governorate, during 2008 from may till October. Three rat species parasitized by ectoparasites, <em>R. Rattus rattus </em>having the highest number of parasites (54.5%). This was followed by <em>R. norvegicus </em>(29.5%)<em>,</em> and<em> Mus musculus </em>(16.0%) Although <em>Mus musculus </em>did not show a high infestation rate compared to <em>Rattus rattus </em>or <em>R. norvegicus</em>, it harbored seven species of parasites.<em> Rattus rattus </em>and <em>R norvegicus</em> had six species of ectoparasites recovered.
The identified ectoparasites isolated from skin and hair of rats based on their morphological characteristics were: <em>Polyplax spinulosa </em>(43.6%),<em>Laelaps nuttali </em>(23.5%),<em> Polyplax serrata </em>(11.3), <em>Ornithonyssius bacoti </em>(10.3%),<em> Dermanyssus sanguineus</em> (7.3%),<em>Dermanyssus americanus</em> (2.8)and<em> Rhipicephalus sanguineus</em>. (1.3)<em>.</em>The infestation rate of the parasite varied based on the rat species, <em>R. rattus </em>having the highest infestation rate. <em>Polyplax spinulosa </em>parasitized predominantly <em>R. rattus</em>, while <em>Laelaps nuttali and Ornithonyssius bacoti</em> ware found mainly on <em>R. norvegicus</em>. <em>Dermanyssus sanguineus</em> was predominantly <em>R. rattus</em>,<em> and</em> <em>Mus musculus,</em> while <em>Dermanyssus americanus</em> was found mainly on <em>R. rattus</em>. <em>Polyplax serrata </em>was found on <em>R. rattus R. norvegicus</em>, and <em>Mus musculus</em> while <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</em> was only recovered on <em>Mus musculus</em>. Ectoparasite infestation was also influenced by the sex of the host, with male rats (73.7%) manifesting a significantly higher (p<0.05) infestation rate than female rats (26.3%).
All recovered ectoparasites were common parasites of rats. Infested rats near human habitations in the area warrant possible rodent-borne diseases among the residents thus, an investigation of the occurrence of rodent-borne diseases among the dwellers may provide epidemiologic pattern related to such diseases including vectors of zoonotic diseases.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07591120091201Study the quality of school environment as new habitat for allergenc mites in Cairo, Egypt1031161602610.21608/eajbsz.2009.16026ENMohammad K.YassinDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, AL- Azhar UniversityZakia E.AshmawyDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science for girls, AL- Azhar UniversityAml A.HasaninDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science for girls, AL- Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181006 Thepresent<br />study was conducted on eight schools representing four different districts in<br />Cairo Governorate from December 2006 till November 2007. The total annual<br />number of school dust mites collected was relatively low (66 individuals). Shobera<br />Al-khama schools embraced the highest population mite density (65.15%) followed<br />by Al- Abassia (16.16%), Al-Salam city (9.09%) and Nasr city recorded the<br />lowest population density (7.58%). The most abundant family collected was<br />Pyroglyphidae representing 27.27% of the total number distributed between two<br />different species of the Genus <em>Dermatophagoides</em> (<em>D.pteronyssinus</em><br />and <em>D. farinae</em>). This followed by families Cheyletidae and<br />Dermanyssidae, each comprises 25.75% of the total with a single species for<br />each; <em>Cheyletus malccensis</em> and <em>Dermanyssus sp</em>., respectively.<br />Family Acaridae was represented by (21.21% of the total) and came later in abundance.<br />The average number /5 gm. dust ranged between only one individual during April<br />and July and 20 individuals during November, however completely absent during<br />March and September. dermanyssids and acarids were present in seven months, cheyletids<br />in six months and pyroglyphids in five months. All mite species were recorded<br />with relatively higher rate during cold months reaching its maximum in January<br />for Pyroglyphidae and Acaridae and during October and November for Cheyletidae<br />and Dermanyssidae. The lower rate of these mites obtained during hot months.<br />These results indicate that the lower the temperature, the higher population<br />density of school dust mites.