Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Immunological Profile of Type II Egyptian Diabetic Patients11410318310.21608/eajbsz.2020.103183ENMetwally GamalMetwallyDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Madinat Nasr, Cairo, EgyptAdham GamalSadiqDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Madinat Nasr, Cairo, EgyptAlaa Abd-ElazizSamnDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Madinat Nasr, Cairo, EgyptMahmoud HaddadHemidaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Madinat Nasr, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200604<strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated secondary complications are some of the leading induce of deaths worldwide. <strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of the study is to estimate changes in the levels of biochemical parameters as fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PP2BS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c); and immunological parameters as Complement proteins C3, Complement proteins C4, Immunoglobulin's (IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM) and C-peptide of type 2 diabetic patients to obtain a full immunological and physiological profile for type 2 diabetes. <strong>Subjects and Methods:</strong> Blood samples from 25 type 2 diabetic patients and 5 healthy subjects were randomly selected from Banha University hospitals in Kalyubiyya, Egypt. Serum sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin were assayed by using chemical analyzer (chem 7). C3, C4, IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM and C-peptide were measured by ELISA <strong>Results: </strong>FBS, PP2BS, and HbA1c significant increase in type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects. C3, IgA, IgE, IgG, and C-peptide showed a significant increase in type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> FBS, PP2BS, and HbA1c used as good tools for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes in the current studied subjects is characterized by alternative pathway activation. Immunological biomarkers such as C3, IgA, IgE, and IgG were increased in type 2 diabetic patients by poor control of diabetes and long duration of disease. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Morphological Studies on the Guard Hair of the Mona Monkey (Cercopithecus mona) in Omo-Shasha-Oluwa Forest Reserves of Southwest Nigeria152310572910.21608/eajbsz.2020.105729ENFatsumaOlaleruDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Nigeria0000-0002-3362-8668T. R.,OlugbebiDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, NigeriaM. I.FasonaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, NigeriaJournal Article20200531Guard hairs of mammals are useful in identifying species. Morphological characteristics of the guard hairs were used to determine differences in the pelage of mona monkeys (<em>Cercopithecus mona</em>) in Omo-Shasha-Oluwa Forest Reserves in South western Nigeria. Using standard procedures, five strands of guard hair from each location were observed under a light microscope attached with a digital camera for the determination of histological structures. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the hair were examined and data obtained directly from the microscope. Data on the cuticle, cortex and medullar dimensions (μm) of the hair were analysed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS Version 20 respectively. Variance analysis was used to compare the means of the quantitative parameters of the hair. Statistically significant means (P ≤ 0.05) were separated using LSD post hoc test. A continuous medulla pattern was common in all locations. Amorphous medulla was found in only Omo and Shasha monkeys. The longest scale length and width of 218.76 ± 60.29μm and 725.76 ± 155.91μm respectively were recorded in Omo Forest Reserve. Medullary diametre, index, and a fraction of monkeys in Omo and Shasha were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) from that of Oluwa. Based on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the guard hair, the mona monkeys in Omo and Shasha had features that were similar. The findings can be useful in explaining the close proximities and interactions of this species in the three Reserves. The information can be used as a guide in conservation, forensic and other scientific researches.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Mites Inhabiting Manure and Dunghills in Assiut Governorate, with Annotated Checklist of Mite Species Existing in Husbandry Farms in Egypt253510655810.21608/eajbsz.2020.106558ENTarek MohamedAbo-ElmagedPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptRahma M.Abdel-AzizDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526 Egypt.Sayed A.ErakyDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526 EgyptJournal Article20200604The present survey of mite species inhabiting organic manure in different animal-sheds (i.e., buffalo, cow, sheep, goats), in both farms, the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University and the production farm of El-Fateh district, Data showed that there were 28 mite species pertaining to 20 genera of 12 families in three mite orders (Mesostigmata, Astigmata, Trombidiformes). Mesostigmata represented by 19 species (8 families); Astigmata (Acarididia), represented by 8 species (2 families) and Trombidiformes represented by two species belonging to two families. Both mite species of the families Macrochelidae Vithzthum, 1930, and Parasitidae Oudemans, 1901 were recorded in high densities. While scarce numbers of Tarsonemidae Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876 were observed. The annotated checklist reported 150 mite species belonging to 67 genera of 26 families.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Field Comparison Between Tow Natural Compounds and A Common Acaricide On Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae And Three of Its Natural Enemies by Using Certain Ground Spraying Equipment on Soybean Crop in Egypt.374810940910.21608/eajbsz.2020.109409ENRehab, A.A.DarPlant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC). Dokki; Giza; EgyptHala, H.AlakhdarPlant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC). Dokki; Giza; EgyptJournal Article20200715Field experiments were carried on soybean variety (Giza 111) during two successive seasons 2019 and 2020. Two natural compounds were tested, Humic acid, Chitosan Nano-particles (C.N.Ps) and a common acaricide, Abamectin, of recommended dose rates and one treatment left without spraying as control by using Economy Micron ULVA sprayer (15L./fed.) and Hydraulic sprayer (Matabi) (56 L/Fed.). Data indicated that all tested compounds induced significant negative influenced on <em>Tetranychus urticae </em>adult females' survival. Abamectin and humic acid revealed successful results followed by the C.N.Ps. Results showed that C.N.Ps have lower toxicity on<em> T. urticae</em> but it safer on all movable stages of <em>Amblyseius californicus</em>, <em>Orius insidiosus,</em> and <em>Scolothrips sexmaculatus</em>, the natural enemies associated. It could be recommended that using those compounds with LV spraying equipment with not less than (15 L. /Fed.). A satisfactory spray coverage was obtained on soybean plants. The droplets spectrum ranging from 150-170 mm (VMD). A sufficient number ranging from 18-199 N/cm². The data showed that the Economy Micron ULVA sprayer was the best equipment to control<em>. Tetranychus urticae</em> on soybean according to the homogeneity of the droplet spectrum. The rate of performance of Hand-held Hydraulic sprayer (Matabi) (56 L. /Fed.), Economy Micron ULVA (15 L. /Fed.) were 3.55 Fed. /day, 3.30 Fed. /day, respectively. Data also revealed that lost spray-on ground for Ulva sprayer was lower than Matabi sprayer with 35%.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Histological Responses of The Freshwater Clam, Caelatura nilotica (Cailliaud, 1827) to Different Environmental Degrees Of Mixed Pollution496611034510.21608/eajbsz.2020.110345ENSherin K.SheirInvertebrates Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Menoufia, Egypt0000-0002-0036-1514Journal Article20200703Mixed pollution of the freshwaters is a worldwide problem; and the scientific evidence showed its impacts on the bivalves` biological processes. In the present study, the freshwater clam, <em>Caelatura nilotica </em>was collected from two water habitats with different degrees of pollution. Examination of gills and digestive gland using routine histology, scanning (SEM), and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy was done. In SEM investigations of the gills, deformation and erosion of cilia, clogging of gills by mucous and ghost gills were observed in the clams collected from a more polluted site. Histological structure of gills proved the appearance of ciliates between the gill filaments. Also, inflammatory reactions appeared and the epithelia lost their integrity and desquamated. The digestive gland showed haemocytes infiltrations, necrosis in some digestive tubules, and granulocytomas was observed. A full description of the digestive gland was done using TEM. In addition, more abnormalities were recorded in different types of the haemocytes, digestive and basophilic cells, flagella, microvilli, lysosomes, residual bodies, mitochondria, nucleus and chromatin with blebbing in most of them. In conclusion, mixed pollution compromised the functions of the gills and digestive gland of the clam, <em>C. nilotica</em>, under the effect of synergistic and/ or antagonistic actions of inorganic and organic contaminants with reference to the more severe effects of the non-point source than the point-source pollution in water pollution impacts.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Some Physiological Observations on Date Palm Fruits during its infestation by the date palm dust mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae)677411232710.21608/eajbsz.2020.112327ENRania H.MahmoudPlant Prot. Res. Inst., Agricultural Research Center ARC, Giza, Egypt.E. M.A.YassinPlant Prot. Res. Inst., Agricultural Research Center ARC, Giza, EgyptEl-Shafei W.K.M.Dep. of Date Palm Pests and Diseases, Central Lab. for Date Palm, Agricultural Research Centre ARC, Giza, Egypt0000-0002-9746-7832Journal Article20130705The current study aimed to survey the phytophagous tetranychid mite, <em>Oligonychus afrasiaticus</em> (McGregor) Tetranychidae in different regions of Egypt. Also, the effect of <em>O.</em> <em>afrasiaticus</em> infestation on the different components of date palm fruits was determined after one month of filed infestation. The results showed that the <em>O. afrasiaticus</em> appeared infested the date palm fruits in New -Valley, Giza, and Marsa Matruh Governorates only and disappeared from the other tested locations of Egypt. It was observed from the study that <em>O. afrasiaticus</em> infested Barhi Variety (Fresh) with a rare number in Sharq El-Ewinate region (New –Valley) only. On the other hand, Siwi variety (Semi-dry) infested with <em>O. afrasiaticus</em> on date palm fruits in Baharia Oasis (Giza Governorate), Siwa Oasis region (Marsa Matruh), El-Kharga Oasis and Dakhla Oasis region (New -Valley ). However, it was noticed that Samani and Zaghloul (Fresh varieties) did not infest with <em>O. afrasiaticus</em> during this study. The current study indicated that the protein contents were decreased when the fruits exposed to the infestation by O<em>. afrasiaticus</em> where it was recorded 18.6 mg/gm of fruits in infested fruits compared to 26.37 mg/gm in non-infested fruits. The highest level of carbohydrate content was (445.0 mg/gm) in non-infested date palm fruits. While the lowest carbohydrates level (308.0 mg/gm) was found when the date fruits exposed to mite's infestation. The obtained data showed that the nitrogen content of infested date palm fruits was 3.33 ug/gm of fruits but the recorded level of nitrogen in non-infested fruits was 4.37 ug/gm of fruits.The lowest content of phosphorus (3.1 µg/gm) was observed with infested fruits compared with 7.43µg/gm in the case of non-infested fruits. There were slight differences in potassium contents(7.16 and 7.83 µg/gm ) between infested and non-infested date fruits respectively,.The biochemical data revealed that the level of calcium contents was slightly differed (16.4 and 16.67 µg/gm) in date palm fruits infested and non-infested with mite individuals of <em>O. afrasiaticus</em>, respectively.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Three New Species of Mites (Acari: Acaridae and Histiostomatidae) from Manure and Dung- Hills, Assiut, Upper Egypt758211233110.21608/eajbsz.2020.112331ENSayed A.ErakyPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526 EgyptRahma M.Abdel-AzizPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526 EgyptTarek MohamedAbo-ElmagedPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20200707Three new species (<em>Myianoetus manurei</em> n. sp, <em>Myianoetus assiuti</em> n. sp. and <em>Acotyledon shortisetoses</em> n. sp.) represented only by their hypopial nymphs (heteromorphic deutonymphs), extracted from manure and dung-hills, Assiut, Upper Egypt. The holotype deutonymph and paratype deutonymphs of each species are deposited in the Acari collection of Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture. Assiut University, Assiut 71526 Egypt. The descriptions and illustrations of the new species are given below. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Chromosomal Aberrations Due to Acrylamide Exposure and The Protective Role of L-arginine in Bone Marrow Cells of Male Albino Rats.839211316310.21608/eajbsz.2020.113163ENSabha E.ElballatZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, EgyptGhada A.El FakahaniZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, EgyptSamir A.NassarZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, EgyptJournal Article20200708<span lang="EN-GB">Acrylamide (Acr) is a human carcinogen which generated in foodstuffs rich with carbohydrates during overheating. It has been recorded to induce carcinogenic and genotoxic effects in experimental animals. So, the present work aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effect of Acr and the possible protective role of L-arginine (amino acid) against Acr genotoxicity using the chromosomal aberration assay in male albino rats (<em>Rattus </em>n<em>orvegicus</em>). In the current investigation, 20 male albino rats were equally divided into four main groups (n = 5); <strong>Group1 (control): </strong>Animals were received the ordinary water and diet. <strong>Group2 (L</strong>- <strong>arginine):</strong> Animals were given L- arginine at a dose of 200mg/kg/day for a month by oral gavage. <strong>Group3 (acrylamide): </strong>Animals were given Acr at a dose of 50mg/kg/day for a month by oral gavage. <strong>Group4 (Acrylymide+ L-arginine)</strong>: Animals were given Arc (50mg/kg/day) together with L-arginine (200mg/kg/day) for a month by oral gavage. The results of the present work concluded that Acr is a genotoxic agent, it induced a significant increase in the frequency of total chromosomal aberrations (numerical and structural). L-arginine provides a protective potential against genotoxicity induced by Acr and this was supported by a significant reduction in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations although, the value remained higher and significant as compared with control group. </span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Discovery of A New Teleost Fish, Puntius ocellus from Kerala, India9310211696410.21608/eajbsz.2020.116964ENMathewsPlamoottilBJM Government College, Chavara, Kollam District, Kerala- 691583, Indiahttps://orcid.org/00Vineeth.K.BJM Government College, Chavara, Kollam District, Kerala- 691583, IndiaJournal Article20200713<span>A new <em>Puntius</em> species is described from a freshwater stream of Kerala, India. It is related to <em>Puntius mahecola</em>, <em>P. amphibius</em>, <em>P. euspilurus,</em> and <em>P. kyphus; </em>all these are small elongate fishes with laterally compressed body having a non-ossified and weak last simple dorsal fin ray. But the new fish shows a number of differences from its close relative species. It can be distinguished from its congeners in having a </span><span lang="EN-IN">pointed and unusually elongated snout, a weak and non-osseous last simple dorsal fin ray, 23-24 lateral line scales, 2 ½ scales between lateral line and ventral fin, 7-8 predorsal scales, and a distinct golden or yellow ring surrounding its large caudal black spot on posterior most lateral line scales. The new fish is not uncommon in the water bodies of Kazargod; it is edible and can be used as ornamental fish. </span><span>The new species is taxonomically analyzed and compared with its congeners.</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Morphological and Physiological Changes in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Subjected to High Temperature and Confinement Stress10311012081010.21608/eajbsz.2020.120810ENEzekiel A.DecanoCollege of Fisheries- Freshwater Aquaculture Center, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, PhilippinesRea Mae C.EmplonuevoCollege of Fisheries- Freshwater Aquaculture Center, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, PhilippinesEmmanuel M.Vera CruzCollege of Fisheries- Freshwater Aquaculture Center, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, PhilippinesJournal Article20200814High temperature due to global warming and the overcrowding or limited space for cultured species have been evident in the aquaculture setting nowadays. In this study, physiological changes such as ventilation rate (VR), eye color pattern (ECP), and skin color were observed in red tilapia subjected to high temperature (T2), confinement stress (T3), and the combination of both stressors (T4). The VR, ECP, and skin color were monitored before the introduction of stressors (day 0) and every day after the introduction of stressors until day 15. Results showed that fish in T2, T3, and T4 had significantly faster VR, darker ECP, and more intense skin color as compared to those in the control group (T1). Increasing VR, ECP, and skin color were also recorded from day 1 to day 15 of subjecting the fish to stressors indicating that the fish were not able to adapt to the stressful environment during the duration of the study. The highest values were observed in T4 since there were two stressors present in the treatment. This only connotes that high temperature and overcrowding could really impose stress on red tilapia and 15 days was not enough for the fish to adapt to the stressful environment.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Phylogeny of Eryx Jayakari Isolated from Ha’il Province11111712503110.21608/eajbsz.2020.125031ENAhmedAlshammari1-Faculty of Science, Biology Department, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi ArabiaShafiMahmud2-Department of Genetic engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, BangladeshAlAmin3-Institute of Biological Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, BangladeshAdel A.Ibrahim4-Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, 43527 Suez, EgyptEmanEl-Abd5-Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20200924<em>Eryx jayakari</em> (Arabian sand boa) is an important egg-laying boa that successfully reversed the oviparous ability about 60 million years after the transition of the group to viviparous. The current study aimed to infer the phylogeny of Eryx jayakari - isolated by our group from Hail province, Saudi Arabia- to other boas using mitochondrial 16S and 12S rRNA sequences and bioinformatics tools (MultAlin alignment, Mega program, and the Maximum Likelihood method). 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree inferred a strong relation between E. jayakari isolated from Ha’il (KSA) and that isolated from Khuzestan (Iran). 12S rRNA gene sequences showed a higher diversification than the 16S rRNA gene sequences in inferring the phylogenetic relationships for E. jayakari. A strong relation between E. jayakari and E. miliaris was also observed. It can be concluded that E. jayakari in Hail might be disseminated from Iran. More 12S rRNA sequences from Iran are required for further assessments. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Effect of Formaldehyde on The Structure of The Lung and Heart and The Possible Protective Effect of Omega- 3 (Histological and immune-histochemical study)11914012527210.21608/eajbsz.2020.125272ENSalwa M.OuiesHuman anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityAbeer F.AbdEL-NaeemHuman anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityJournal Article20200920<strong>Background:</strong> Formaldehyde (FA) is a common indoor and outdoor pollutant found in many products. The toxicity of formaldehyde is of concern to all who work closely with it such as embalmers, anatomists, histology technicians, and medical students. Omega-3 in fish oil is one of the most important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity<strong>. Materials and methods</strong>: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three equal groups. Group, I was a control group, Group II rats were exposed to formaldehyde inhalation for 4 weeks. Group III were exposed to formaldehyde inhalation and were administered orally with a 300mg/kg/day Omega-3 for 4 weeks. After 24 hr of the last dose, the animals were dissected. Hearts and lungs were processed for examination after Haematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichome and immunohistochemical stains. <strong>Results:</strong> The rats treated with formaldehyde inhalation showed significant changes in the normal architecture of both lung and heart. The lung showed congestion and mass appeared on one lobe and increase in the area percent of collagen fibers. Immune-expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and caspase- 3 were increased in the lung and heart compared to the control. Omega-3 fatty acids can ameliorate the pathological changes, decrease the fibrosis and the immune-expression in both lung and heart.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Formaldehyde was associated with many histopathological changes in both lung and heart and the Omega-3 can ameliorate these changes.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Field and Laboratory Studies on some Land Snails in the Southern Part of Port Saied Governorate14114712527310.21608/eajbsz.2020.125273ENAwad, M.H.M.Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, MOALR, EgyptAbd El-Galil, Y.M.A.Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200923A survey study was carried out in two agricultural locations, El-Radwan Village and El-Asher Village, located at the Southern Part of Port Saied Governorate, during 2014/ 2015 and 2015 /2016. Major Field crops grown were Egyptian clover (<em>Trifolium alexandrinum</em>), Wheat (<em>Triticum vulgare</em>), and Sugar beet (<em>Beta vulgaris</em>). The obtained data revealed that land snails: <em>Monacha cantiana</em>, <em>Monacha cartusiana,</em> and <em>Succinea putris </em>species, were observed on these field crops. Results also indicated that Egyptian clover was the most preferred crop for the different stages of the mentioned land snails. The highest number of individual land snails was found on Egyptian clover followed by Sugar beet and wheat. In addition, the counted snails on the sugar beet field increased when planted nearby wheat. Therefore, suitable agriculture rotations, which avoid planting the investigated crops side-by-side, should be implemented, in order to lower the infestation of these land snail pests.<br /> Land snails egg-laying study, during the four successive seasons of 2016/2017, under laboratory condition, the study revealed that the highest number of Eggs, for <em>M. cantiana and M. cartusiana</em>, occurred during autumn months, followed by spring then summer. While for <em>S. putris</em> the highest numbers of eggs were during spring and autumn, followed by winter and summer months, respectively.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201First Record of Crab Plover (Dromas ardeola) Nesting in Egypt14915412527410.21608/eajbsz.2020.125274ENMahmoud S.AbdelhafezWadi El Gemal National park, Natural Conservation Sector, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, Egypt- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, EgyptKhaleid F.Abd El-WakeilZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptSamy A.SaberZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, EgyptJournal Article20200923The present work aimed to investigate the status of Crab Plover (<em>Dromas ardeola</em>) population in Egypt, especially the nesting area. During the period from 2011 to 2019, several trips over the Egyptian Red Sea coast and islands for recording the crab plover population and searching for their nests were performed. The results showed that the estimated numbers of <em>D. ardeola </em>population in Egypt fluctuated from 130 individuals in 2019 to 1200 individuals in 2018. Fifty nests were observed for the first time in Elba National Park in June 2016. The numbers of nests increased in the next two years then declined to 50 nests in 2019Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Abundance and Diversity of Snails in Various Agroecosystems in District Multan, Pakistan15516012550810.21608/eajbsz.2020.125508ENGhulamMurtaza1-Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaUnsar 2Naeem Ullah2-Institute of Plant Protection, MNS. University of Agriculture, Multan, PakistanMuhammadRamzan3-State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaFatimaRazzaq4-Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanNoshabaMunawar4-Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanAzharaPerven4-Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanAssadUllah4-Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanAbidAli5-Department of Biology, Govt. Degree College, Akbarpura, Nowshera, PakistanJavairaAltaf6-Department of Zoology. Government College University, FaisalabadRukhsarBeanish4-Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanJournal Article20200925Snails are the second largest group of invertebrates after insects and make a major part of the world's fauna. There are 35,000 described species of land snails (subclass: Pulmonata) from class gastropods in the world. With the present scenario of climate change, their occurrence has been observed many-fold. Despite their economic importance, population diversity and distribution of these creatures on different host crops in Punjab Pakistan is not much more studies. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to identify the snail species and their diversity on different hosts in the agroecosystems of Multan. The snails were collected from different crops like wheat, vegetable (spinach), fodder, citrus orchard, and plant nurseries. A total of 8264 specimens were collected and preserved in the form of a dry shell and 70% alcohol in Ecology Lab, MNS - the University of Agriculture, Multan for identification purpose. The preserved specimens were identified under microscope using available taxonomic keys. <em>Ariophanta bistrialis ceylanica, Ariophanta bistrialis cylix, Ariophanta solata, Oxychilus draparnaudi, Monacha catiana, Cernuella virgata, Pupoides abilabris</em> and <em>Oxyloma elegans </em>were identified during the study. The highest and lowest population of <em>Ariophanta bistrialis cylix</em> (1592) and <em>Ariophanta solata </em>(446), respectively was recorded. The population diversity was found maximum in plant nurseries followed by fodder crop (Berseem) and citrus orchard while least in vegetable (Spinach) and wheat crop. The maximum population was found in July and August, while least in March and May. In the rainy season, the population of snails was recorded maximum as compared to the dry season. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Quantity of Spring Migration of Migratory Soaring Birds Over the Eastern Desert of Egypt16117112964610.21608/eajbsz.2020.129646ENSaberRiadDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0001-8663-8862Journal Article20200927The Gulf of Suez is an important flyway for migratory soaring birds because it is situated between the Eurasian and African landmasses that connect breeding grounds in Eurasia with wintering zones in Africa. During four weeks of spring migration, the magnitude and timing of the spring migration of 15 species of medium and large-sized raptors, White Storks “<em>Ciconia ciconia</em>”, Black Storks “<em>Ciconia nigra</em>”, White Pelicans “<em>Pelicanus onocrotalus</em>”, Common Cranes “<em>Grus grus</em>” and Great cormorant “<em>Phalacrocorax carbo</em>” were studied near Ras Shukeir city, Eastern desert, Egypt. Observations were carried out on the ground by three vantage points between the Gulf of Suez and Gharib mountain. In total 3121 raptors of 15 species were counted in addition to 8380 White Storks, 2250 White Pelicans and 604 Common Cranes passed during the study time. The most common species were Northern Steppe Buzzard “<em>Buteo buteo vulpinus</em>”, Black Kite “<em>Milvus migrans</em>” and Steppe Eagle “<em>Aquila nipalensis</em>” and recorded 17.21% of all raptors.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Taxonomic Key as A Simple Tool for Identifying and Determining the Abundant Terrestrial Snails in Egyptian Fields (Gastropoda, Pulmonata: Succineidae, Geomitridae, Helicidae, Hygromiidae)17320313106310.21608/eajbsz.2020.131063ENReham FatheyAli-Department of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, El – Gammaa St., 12613; Giza, Egypt.RamdiniRamdaneDépartement de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, 15000, Algeria.Journal Article20200929Terrestrial snail collection that had been recorded in Egyptian fields, gardens and nurseries are reviewed and described with a clear description, pictures, and taxonomic data in addition to shell morphological characters that provided for every species.<br /> This study includes six terrestrial snails, <em>Succinea (Amphibina) cleopatra </em>(Pallary, 1909) (Succineidae), <em>Cochlicella acuta </em>(O. F. Müller, 1774), <em>Xeropicta krynickii </em>(Krynicki, 1833) (Geomitridae), <em>Massylaea vermiculata</em> (O.F. Müller 1774), <em>Theba pisana </em>(O. F. Müller, 1774) (Helicidae) and <em>Monacha obstructa </em>(L. Pfeiffer, 1842)(Hygromiidae) that are common to be observed in the Egyptian Agricultural fields. This report of land snail’s identification is based on the specimen’s shell morphology and their distribution through their activity season in multiple surveys whether through our research studies or previous research. This report is an attempt to deliver a comprehensive shell description and survey data of land snails as agricultural pests providing a well-defined taxonomic key to the species level. The taxonomical key can provide the growers with the essential data of identifying the land snail species that could be noticed in the crop fields, gardens, or ornamental plant nurseries.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Study of UGT1A1 Gene Mutation in People Suspected of Hyperbilirubinemia and Its Relationship with Fatty Liver Syndrome by Tetra ARMS-PCR Technique20521313337310.21608/eajbsz.2020.133373ENAliJanbazM.Sc in Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, IRANAbolhasanRezaeiDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, IRANJournal Article20200930<span>Hyperbilirubinemia</span><span> is one of the most common disorders in the world. The disease has spread out the Middle East to Africa. The importance of this disease is high due to its widespread prevalence in the world. In this study, to investigate </span><span>hyperbilirubinemia</span><span> and the difference between the mutations in the UGTA1 gene with </span><span>hyperbilirubinemia and the fatty liver</span><span> syndrome was selected from the SNPs involved in expressing the UGTA1 gene named </span><span>rs372326047</span><span>.DNA genomic was extracted and one pair of primer for amplifying of the </span><span>rs372326047</span><span> was designed with the help of the Oligo Version 7.0. After the PCR reaction, samples were sequenced to determine of the fragment of UGTA1 gene. Figures 1 and 2 showed the sequences were analyzed using the Blast program. Results observed that no mutation between UGTA1 gene. In Table 1. Ten cases from forty samples were selected including, healthy, carrier, sick and different parameters that were questioned from them. Patients have been heart diseases, diabetic-hepatic, and some patients did not have a history of inheritance diseases in family, rate of</span><span> Hb</span><span> in some cases was high (more than ten). Most of the cases also had high anemia and regarding some cases, the history of hy</span><span>perbilirubinemia and its relationship with fatty liver </span><span>diseases in family was positive and some cases was negative. </span><span>Table 2. One-way ANOVA followed by Tuckey's post hoc test and HWE frequency of allelic and genotyping of nucleotide of TT, TC and CC of rs372326047</span><span>of UGTA1</span><span lang="EN-GB"> gene</span><span> in cases and normal population respectively. Therefore, the results of this study show that there is no relationship between mutations in the rs372326047 of UGTA1 gene in hy</span><span>perbilirubinemia and its relationship with fatty liver </span><span>syndrome.</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Ameliorative Effects of Spirulina platensis and Ulva sp. on Biochemical Aspects and Residues of Lambda-Cyhalothrin in the Water of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)21522614064910.21608/eajbsz.2020.140649ENMounes, H. A.M.Limnology Department, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Agricultural Research Center, EgyptGamila, A. M.KotbMammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, EgyptRania M. A.HelmyPesticides Residue and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, EgyptAl-Zahaby, M.A.Hatchery and Fish Physiology Department, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Agricultural Research Center, EgyptJournal Article20201003This study was designed to assess the ameliorative effects of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> (SP) and <em>Ulva sp. </em>(US), as feed additives into a fish commercial feed, for reducing pesticide lambda cyhalothrin-residues in water and fish muscles. In the present experiment, the concentration tested was 2.325 μg/l as 1/10 of the determined LC<sub>50</sub> - 96 hours was used for 28 days. The experimental design represents 6 groups: group 1 was control (cont.), group 2 was treatment with lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and two algae species with two concentrations each (5% and 10% of diet + lambda-cyhalothrin) are the other four groups. After the experimental period, serum biochemical tests (Glucose, Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, AST, ALT, Urea, Creatinine and lipid profile) were determined. All biochemical analysis showed significantly varied in-between treatment except urea levels, while, these parameters were in normal rang in fish groups fed by both concentrations of SP and US. The residue levels of lambda-cyhalothrin in water samples were decrease in 10% concentration compared with 5% concentration in both algae. SP and US with two concentrations can efficiently remove lambda-cyhalothrin residues in fish muscles. Water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH) were no significant differences between all treatments from the beginning till the end of the experimental period.<br /> Conclusion: <em>Spirulina</em> <em>platensis</em> and <em>Ulva sp < /em> have a big role in the reduction in the effect of lambda-cyhalothrin on fish and the improvement of water quality.</em>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075912220201201Survey and Morphological Studies on Scorpions Inhabiting New Valley Governorate, Egypt22723814324210.21608/eajbsz.2020.143242ENAhmad H.Obuid-AllahZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptNaser A.El-ShimyZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptMohamed A.MahbobZoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, EgyptRouwaida SaadawyAliZoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, EgyptShimaa MohamedSaidzoology Department, faculty of science, Assiut UniverstyJournal Article20201005The main objective of the present study is to make a survey on scorpion species inhabiting New Valley governorate, Egypt as well as to make some morphometric measurements on the recorded species and to design a key for the recorded species. To achieve the aims of the study, random samples were collected during the period from April to July, 2017 and from July to September, 2019. The study revealed the presence of four scorpion species belonging to family Buthidae namely: <em>Leiurus quinquestriatus, Androctonus amoreuxi, Orthochirus innesi</em> and <em>Buthacusleptochelys</em>. The study provides a key for the identification of the species and some morphometric measurements. The morphometric measurements included: Carapace length, Mesosoma length, Metasoma length, Telson length, Aculeus length, Vesicle length, Pedipalp femur length, Pedipalp patella length, Pedipalp chela length and total body length. The study revealed significant differences between the recorded four species. It also revealed significant differences between males and females of each species.