Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07592120100601Cytogenetical studies on some River Nile species from polluted and nonpolluted Aquatic habitats181590110.21608/eajbsz.2010.15901ENAmanyMahmoudZoology Dept, Faculty of Science, Benha UniversityMohamedZowailZoology Dept, Faculty of Science, Benha UniversityGhadaYossifZoology Dept, Faculty of Science, Menufiya UniversityKhaledSharafeldinZoology Dept, Faculty of Science, Benha UniversityJournal Article20181004Shanawan drainage canal is one of the many<br />drainage canals present in Menufiya province, Egypt. It receives sewage water<br />from Kafr Shanawan drainage canal. Also, it receive illegal run–off from sewage<br />and wastes besides sewage of Shebeen Al-koom city. This study is aimed to<br />investigate the frequency of chromosomal damage by using chromosomal<br />aberrations test of head kidney cells in <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> and <em>Tilapia<br />zillii fish</em>. The study was performed on 5 groups of fish, control and four<br />polluted groups. A and B stations are located before the source of sewage<br />discharge while C and D stations are<br />located after the source of sewage. In each group cytological studies were<br />performed. Fishes caught from areas before the sources of sewage showing different<br />types of chromosomal aberrations, including centromeric attenuations, chromatid<br />breaks, chromatid gabs, chromatid deletion, centric fusion and fragmentation.<br />The total aberrations were more obvious among the fishes of the areas after the<br />source of sewage than those of the areas before the source of sewage. It was noted<br />that <em>O. </em>niloticus is more sensitive to the effect of pollution than <em>T.<br />zillii</em>. Cytogenetic Studies of the current Work could be used as criteria<br />for pollution intensity, which can be used to avoid its toxic effect on aquatic<br />environmenthttps://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_15901_6acd2d9803d65d94fde2a2dbebfa3947.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07592120100601Cytogenetic effect of industrial and agricultural wastes on Tilapia zilli fish9161590310.21608/eajbsz.2010.15903ENMohamed E.M.ZowailZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, EgyptMagda M.ElezabyZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, EgyptAml M.Abdel-kareimZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, EgyptGhada A.YousefZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menuifiya University, Menuifiya, EgyptAmany A.MahmoudZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, EgyptJournal Article20181004The River Nile and its branches are exposed to many kinds of chemicals and biological pollutants as a result of increasing industrial and biological pollutants and other urbanization activates where effluents are discharged directly into the water without prior treatment.
This study aimed to clarify the effect of environmental pollution (Industrial and agricultural pollutions) on some genetic processes of Tilapiane fish. The study included three groups. The first group was collected from unpolluted locality, the second group collected from downstream to the mouth of agricultural discharge, and the third group was collected from downstream. Chromosomal aberrations were used as an index to evaluate the relationship between the genetic processes and the effect of water pollution. Water analysis was done to water samples from seven localities to determine the following metals iron, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, mercury and nickel. The results showed that the mean of all metals in the unpolluted water were within the acceptable permissible limit of WHO. In the agricultural polluted water, 100% of water samples exceeding the permissible limit for iron, lead, cadmium, nickel and mercury. Whereas zinc and copper were within the permissible limit. Both industrial and agricultural water, pollutions caused an increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations but the frequency in industrial pollution was higher than in agricultural pollution. The types of aberrations observed in this study were structural and numerical aberrations. The predominant types of aberrations by exposure to agricultural pollution were deletion, gap and end to end association and the predominant types of aberrations by exposure to industrial pollution were centromeric attenuation, break and ring. Both industrial and agricultural water pollutions caused a significant increase in the frequency of fragmentation, polyploidy, stickiness and monosomyhttps://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_15903_7f4ab94720c59b32047112d306825e88.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07592120100601Helminth Parasites of the Green Toad Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768 in Baghdad Area, Central Iraq17251590610.21608/eajbsz.2010.15906ENMohammad K.MohammadIraq Natural History Research Centre and Museum. Baghdad University, Baghdad, IraqAzhar A.Al-MoussawiIraq Natural History Research Centre and Museum. Baghdad University, Baghdad, IraqSuhad Y.JasimIraq Natural History Research Centre and Museum. Baghdad University, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20181004<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Examination of a small collection of the green toad from Baghdad area, central Iraq revealed presence of two cestodes <em>Proteocephalus</em> sp. and <em>Nematotaenia dispar</em> and four nematodes <em>Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca commutat, Cosmocercoides variabilis</em> and <em>Rhabdias bufonis</em>.</span>https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_15906_011631ed48db15207f8e69104270772e.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07592120100601Describing variations and taxonomic status of earthworms collected from selected areas in Misamis Oriental, Philippines using principal component and parsimony analysis2361590810.21608/eajbsz.2010.15908ENDennis A.ApuanDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture
Xavier University. Cagayan de Oro City, PhilippinesMark Anthony J.TorresDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics,
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, PhilippinesCesar G.DemayoDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics,
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, PhilippinesJournal Article20181004<span style="color: windowtext;" lang="EN-PH">The present study describes variations and determines the taxonomic status of the collected earthworms from selected areas in Misamis Oriental and Cagayan de Oro city. Principal component and parsimony analyses were used to describe variations and groupings in collected earthworm individuals. Of the five groups of earthworms determined and described, one group was found to be allochthonous and anthropochorous. Cladistic analysis yielded a strict consensus tree with a length of 253 steps, consistency index =50 and retention index =69. Four groups were identified to belong to Family Megascolecidae, and one group to Family Eudrilidae. Differences observed were attributed to the number and pattern of genital markings, prostomium type, and the number and location of spermathecae. None of the four new megascolecid groups completely match with the nearest genera of Oriental megascolecids. The results of the study clearly indicate the existence of the five new species of earthworms.</span>https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_15908_0951216ab59d5c5e15a0fb1432374129.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07592120100601Describing variations in scales between sexes of the yellowstriped goatfish, Upeneus vittatus (Forskål, 1775) (Perciformes: Mullidae)37501591110.21608/eajbsz.2010.15911ENDulce-Amor P.MatondoWestern Mindanao State University, Zamboanga City, PhilippinesMark Anthony J.TorresDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, PhilippinesSharon Rose M.TabugoDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, PhilippinesCesar G.DemayoDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, PhilippinesJournal Article20181004Scales have numerous hidden details in their sculptural design that contributes effectively to fish identification and classification. A traditional approach has been made to study the scale morphology of the yellow striped goatfish Upeneus vittatus (Forskål, 1775) using a micron cam attached to a Gateway computer and a stereomicroscope in tandem with a 14 megapixel Kodak easyshare Z 1485 IS digital camera in which digitized images were processed using Corel Paint Photoshop 2x program.
To eliminate subjective human error, scale variation in scale images were subjected to Elliptic Fourier Analysis using 77 Fourier descriptors and Principal Component Analysis to discriminate variation between scale shapes within the male and female U. vittatus and to use the data generated to established variation between male and female species.
Scanned images (1200dpi) were binarized to generate chain codes using SHAPE 1.3 version. The data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis conducted using the PAST software ver. 1.8.
Result of the study revealed that there is a high significance in the variation of shapes within male and female individuals of U. vittatus and that a significant variation in scale shapes was observed between male and female species.
This study demonstrated that scale characteristics can provide useful taxonomic information on the morphological differences between sexes of U. vittatus and that elliptic Fourier analysis and principal Component analysis are good tools to discriminate variation in scale shapes.https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_15911_ae3176da0c0d03ac3130cf9f570074b5.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07592120100601Sexual dimorphism in the shape of the primary wing and tail feathers of the sky blue parakeet (budgerigar), Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw, 1805) (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae)51581591310.21608/eajbsz.2010.15913ENClifford P.BendoyDepartment of Biological Sciences College of Sciences and Mathematics
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City, PhilippinesMark Anthony J.TorresDepartment of Biological Sciences College of Sciences and Mathematics
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City, PhilippinesSharon RoseTabugoDepartment of Biological Sciences College of Sciences and Mathematics
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City, PhilippinesCesar G.DemayoDepartment of Biological Sciences College of Sciences and Mathematics
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City, PhilippinesJournal Article20181004Difference between sexes was quantified in this study using outline based-geometric morphometric analysis on the shape of the primary wing and tail feathers of the sky blue strain of parakeet bird <em>Melopsittacus undulatus</em> (Shaw, 1805). Results of Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) utilizing the coefficients derived from Elliptic Fourier Analysis (EFA) consistently showed that sexual dimorphism is present in the said species with differences primarily explained by the variations in the tip and outline of the flight feathers. Females generally have slightly rounded tip and partially curved (inward) feather outline while males have feathers with slightly pointed tip and more or less straight feather outline. However, no difference between sexes was observed in the shape of tail feathers. It is suggested that based from this study, a more complete understanding and proper identification on the biological basis of the observed wing shape differences are needed which could be elemental in the proper and effective conservation of this species.https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_15913_6600ae9c9eff8f7201963a6dca29fdf2.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-07592120100601Cadmium chloride rapidly alters both BTB tight junction proteins and germ cells in young rat testes59641591610.21608/eajbsz.2010.15916ENSouad H. M.BekheetZoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University. Aswan, EgyptJournal Article20181004 Intraperitoneal injections (ip) of cadmium chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>) cause a marked and prolonged reduction of spermatogenesis, accompanied by increased permeability of the blood-testis barrier. Because the permeability of the blood-testis barrier is regulated by Sertoli cell tight junctions, and tight junction organization is regulated by the cytoskeleton, we undertook to examine the effects of CdCl<sub>2</sub> treatment on intermediate filaments vemintin, and on the tight junction protein, occludin, adherens junction N-Cadhern and gap junction connexin 43 in seminiferous tubules. Three weeks old rats received (ip) low or high dose (1 mg or 2 mg/kg body weight) of either CdCl<sub>2</sub> solution or saline (control) for 6 days. After injection, testes were collected and prepared for routine histology or whole seminiferous tubule Immunocytochemistry staining, and the preparations were viewed by light and electron microscopy for histopathology and fluorescence microscope for Immunocytochemistry studies.
The results indicate that cadmium exposure induces different degrees of histopathological alterations with both light and electron microscopy. Also, tight junction proteins occludin, N-cadherin and vimentin are all partially or completely disrupted by a cadmium injection. These results are consistent with cadmium-induced damage to rat testis as well as to tight junctions between adjacent intact cells. Perturbation of the tight junction–associated proteins could explain the increase in permeability of the blood-testis barrier observed after CdCl<sub>2</sub> treatment. Impaired spermatogenesis following CdCl<sub>2</sub> treatment is likely a consequence of a leaky blood testis barrier and disrupted Sertoli cell cytoskeleton. CdCl<sub>2</sub> injections may serve as a useful tool in studying the relationship between cytoskeletal organization and the stabilization of Sertoli–Sertoli cell junctions. Suggesting that damage to Sertoli cell tight junctions induced by cadmium may be an underlying mechanism of their male-mediated reproductive toxicity.https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_15916_1314416a932c70db1b3a637ae37a6a16.pdf