ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Therapeutic Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Hormonal and Histological Alteration Produced in The Reproductive System of Albino Rats Intoxicated by Herbicide Atrazine
The aim of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity of the herbicide atrazine on the reproductive system. 48 male and 48 female albino rats were treated with atrazine daily for two different durations (15 and 30 days). Reproductive system toxicity was monitored by quantitative analysis of the serum Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Prolactin (PRL), Estrogen (E2), Progesterone (Prog) and Testosterone (Testo). On the other hand, the reproductive organs were collected for histopathology study. The study showed a significant elevation of estrogen, progesterone hormones with a significant decrease in testosterone hormone in male groups while in female groups there was a significant decrease in estrogen, progesterone & hormones with a significant increase in testosterone hormone. But there was no effect on PRL and LH hormones in both male and female groups toxified by ATZ, in comparison to the control groups. In addition to that, the Light microscopic examination of the seminiferous tubule cells (st) showed vacuolations within seminiferous tubules (V), degeneration of spermatozoa formation and hemorrhage (hg) in the interstitial tissue. These effects were increased by increasing the dose or the time of exposure. By using ascorbic acid in the treatment of those effects, we find a significant improvement and detoxification of the atrazine effects on both hormonal tests and histological sections. From our study results, we concluded that there is a potential contribution of herbicide mixtures in the etiology of somebody's diseases, while ascorbic acid has beneficial effects as it tends to dampen atrazine toxicity, in albino rats.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_138342_eee89f744b108f499afa3d7f9d34a192.pdf
2021-01-11
1
16
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.138342
ascorbic acid
Reproductive system
albino rats
Hormonal and Histological Alteration
Abdel salam
Youssef
oskh96@gmail.com
1
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Salem
2
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Samy
Saber
3
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Nabeeh
4
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ultrastructure Study on The Exo-Morphology of Four Species of Scorpion Inhabiting New Valley, Egypt
Scorpions are terrestrial arthropods inhabiting deserts. Exomorghological studies play an important role in the identification of different scorpions' species. The current study deals with the ecomorphology of four species of scorpions belong to the family buthidae (Leiurus quinquestriatus, Androctonus amoreuxi, Orthochirus innesi and Buthacus leptochelys) inhabiting New Valley governorate, Egypt. Random samples were implemented during the period from April to July, 2017 and July to September, 2019. Scorpions were obtained from the area under rocks, gap of soil, leaf litter, under bark, and within vegetation. Morphological characteristics of these species were done using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In conclusion, the differences among four species of studied scorpions were noticed in the dorsal carapace, respiratory pores of the third segment of mesosoma, pectinal teeth count between females and males, last segment of metasoma and telson. In all scorpions' species studied, one venom pore was detected except in Androctonus amoreuxi two venom pores in telson were observed.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_138453_311a7aa25fcff7874e34428e400f5c2a.pdf
2021-01-11
17
29
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.138453
Leiurus quinquestriatus
Scorpion
SEM
Exomorphology
Chelicera
shimaa
said
shimaa.mohamed82@aun.edu.eg
1
Zoology Department, faculty of science, Assiut Universty
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Obuid-Allah
2
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Naser
El-Shimy
3
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Mahbob
4
Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Rouwaida
Ali
rowida.sadawy@sci.nvu.edu.eg
5
Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Using Chitosan as Adsorbing Material for Reducing Heavy Metals Content from Synthetic Polluted Water
The present work aims to investigate the effect of Chitosan (as a natural adsorbent) for removing five heavy metals from synthetic polluted water after different contacting periods to be suitable for aquaculture and other purposes. Three different concentrations: 5, 7.5 and 10 g / l of chitosan were tested for their removal efficiency for 1 ppm of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb at different contact periods. The effect of different contacting periods (30 Min, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours) was tested with the three investigated concentrations of chitosan on the removal efficiency of the five metals. It's revealed that the removal efficiency increases with the increase in the contracting period, where the lowest values of removal efficiency for Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb were 27.7, 48.4, 68.4, 22.2 and 88.3 %, respectively after 30 Minutes, while the highest ones were 95.2, 91.9, 89.1, 94.1 and 99.9 %, respectively after 24 hours. The equilibrium adsorption behaviour data were fitted well to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. R2 for Langmuir values for removing the investigated metals ranged between (0.947 to 1), while for Freundlich R2 values ranged between (0.931 to 0.992). Isothermal studies proved that chitosan was highly potential for removing all metals from polluted water.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_139403_4bab5a75c5e496ae45377a60122c8943.pdf
2021-01-16
31
44
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.139403
Chitosan
Heavy metals
Polluted water
Fe
Zn
Cu
Cd and Pb
Mounes,
M.
hmoans80@hotmail.com
1
Limnology Department, Central laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed,
M.
2
Fish Production Branch, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Reham,
A.
3
Limnology Department, Central laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
External and Internal Changes Induced by Parasitic Sacculina leptodiae (Sacculinidae) on the Xanthid Crab, Leptodius exaratus (Xanthidae: Brachyura) from the Red Sea and Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba, Egypt
The externae of parasitic sacculind, Sacculina leptodiae (Sacculindae: Rhizocephala: Cirripedia) on the xanthid crab, Leptodius exaratus (Xanthidae: Brachyura) were recorded during this study. A total of 691 individuals (400 males and 291 females) of this crab were collected from the intertidal coasts of the Egyptian Red Sea, Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba, of them 38 (23 males and 15 females) were infected with this parasite. The overall infection rate recorded 5.50% for all populations and was slightly higher in males (5.75%) than in females (5.15%). It showed seasonal, spatial and sex variations, recorded the highest rate (7.91%) at Gulf of Suez, declined sharply to 3.85 % at Gulf of Aqaba, and 2.43 % at all populations of the Red Sea, recorded the minimum rate of 0.57% at the southern populations. Autumn has the highest rate (10.34 %) at Hurghada (northern Red Sea), followed by summer with 9.34 % and 7.69 % at the Gulf of Suez and Ras Mohammed (Northern Red Sea), respectively, declined to 2.94 % in summer at Gulf of Aqaba, but increased again to 5.56% during spring. A total of 41 externae were recorded on the infected individuals, comprised 35 individuals with single externa (92.11 %), and only three with double externe (7.89 %). The highest number of externae was 13 (31.70 %) occurred on the 6th abdominal segment, followed by 11 (26.82 %) on the 5th segments, declined to 1-5 on the other segments except the first. The size of externae varied from 1.0 to 10.4 mm in breadth, averaged 5.19± 2.76 mm in males and 5.63± 3.17 mm in females. The rootlets of internae of the parasite invaded ovaries, testes, hepatopancreas, and all spaces within the crab body cavities. The disappearance or destruction of testes in infected males accompanied by remarkable broadness and segmentation of abdomens fringed with dense and length setae lead to “Parasitic castration”, compared with a hyperfiminzation in infected females due to the destruction of undeveloped ovaries and increasing abdominal setae dense and length.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_142097_77a5bb9c8048db5dd9b968d8098f7480.pdf
2021-01-23
45
62
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.142097
Rhizocephala
Leptodius exaratus
Red Sea
Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba
Egypt
Ahmed
Hassan
1
Private researcher in SAMCO Company, Egypt
AUTHOR
Awaad
El-Sayed
awaad_am@hotmail.com
2
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Amer
3
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Maged
Fouda
aaaamaged2000@yahoo.com.sg
4
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Egypt -Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Seed Soaking and Foliar Spray of Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid on Cotton Plant Pests and Yield, Compared with Some Recommended Pesticides
Two field experiments were conducted at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt during the two seasons 2018 and 2019. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of soaking seed and foliar spraying of humic acid, fulvic acid, Imidacloprid (Gaucho) and combinations of them on the cotton pests, growth, yield, and yield components of Giza 86 cotton varieties. The results showed that Gaucho and Gaucho+ Humic+ Fulvic gave the high reduction percentage of Thrips tabaci and Tetranychus urticae when the cotton seed soaking with these compounds compared with control. On the other hand, the high reduction percentage of Empoasca lybica was recorded when the cotton plant treated with a foliar spray by Carbosulfan+ Fulvic acid and Carbosulfan+ Humic + Fulvic acid were 82.0 and 87.76 %, respectively during the two seasons. In addition, the reduction percentage of Tetranychus urticae was 84.15, 83.44 and 81.38% for Chlorfenapyr+ Fulvic acid; Chlorfenapyr+ Humic + Fulvic acid and Chlorfenapyr, respectively. The effect of Chlorfenapyr on the total number of true spiders on cotton was studied. Also, results indicated that Gaucho treatments increased the Plant height at harvest, Number of fruiting branches/plant, number of open bolls/plant and Seed cotton yield compared to control as well as a traditional pest control method. Thus seed treatment of cotton crops with Imidacloprid can be an ideal strategy for IPM in the cotton field in Egypt.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_147916_96d569e87e9592d7812a15264172b3ab.pdf
2021-01-25
63
75
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.147916
humic
Fulvic
Soaking
Carbosulfan
Gaucho
mite
Pests
Gossypium barbadense
El-Sayed,
Hamada
dr_sayed97@yahoo.com
1
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed,
Amer
2
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Amira,
Mesbah
3
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Depuration Effect on Heavy Metals and Total Hydrocarbons Contamination Levels in Donax trunculus and Its Influence on The Expression of Oxidative Stress-Related Genes
This study aims to investigate Donax trunculus (D. trunculus) as a biomarker for heavy metals and total hydrocarbon contamination. To achieve this goal, we investigated the effect of 3 day-depuration on the accumulation levels of heavy metals and total hydrocarbons as well as the transcriptional variations in expressions of oxidative stress-related genes of Donax trunculus collected from El-Gameel region, Port Said, Egypt. After 3 day-depuration, all the accumulated tested heavy metals levels showed a considerable decrease (levels after depuration divide by levels before depuration) in D. trunculus tissues by 23%, 20%,72%,98%, 89%, 66% for Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn respectively. Additionally, the concentrations of total hydrocarbons in clam’s D. trunculus tissues were reduced to 95%. After 3 days of treatment, the results revealed that the Cat activity decreased to approximately 36% and expression of CYP gene had been up-regulated by about 38%, The Gst gene had been down-regulated by about 2-fold in D. trunculus. Additionally, Mt gene had been up-regulated to approximately 70% and SOD gene had been down-regulated to 50%. To conclude, accumulated heavy metals and total hydrocarbons measured before depuration in the soft parts of D. trunculus was higher than the standard worldwide acceptable limits leading to the hypothesis that D. trunculus in the investigated study area may not be safe for human consumption. Therefore, as a potential public health threat from the seafood diet, more research on the chronic toxic effects of heavy metals and total hydrocarbons in marine species are needed.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_153758_5df1c7ba10c709faa90ad638b02215e2.pdf
2021-03-05
77
89
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.153758
Donax trunculus
Heavy metals
Hydrocarbon
Depuration
oxidative stress genes
Fadiaو
Heiba
fheiba2005@hotmail.com
1
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science,Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Nassef
nassefssd@science.tanta.edu.eg
2
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mahy
Mona
mahy.mona@science.tanta.edu.eg
3
Zoology department , Faculty of science , Tanta university , Tanta , Egypt
AUTHOR
Essra
El-rashedy
essra.ahmedelrashedy@yahoo.com
4
Zoology department, Faculty of science, Tanta university, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Efficiency of Sclerophrys regularis as a Bioindicator
Many populations of amphibians are facing remarkable decline throughout the world. The reason for the decline is a direct response to habitat destruction and pollution including heavy metals. The blood of the toad is vascular and very plastic tissue. In fact, a variation of several hematological parameters in response to natural changes in the environment has been widely described previously. Since hematological parameters are influenced by a variety of environmental stressors, they have the potential to be used as biomarkers of aquatic pollution. Heavy metals are difficult to remove from the environment and cannot be degraded biologically. The current study assessed the impact of some heavy metals on hematological and serological parameters in the Egyptian toad (Sclerophrys regularis) from two different localities (North Giza and El Wahat regions). The current results have revealed a reduction in the means of RBCs, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values in addition to a remarkable increase in WBCs. In addition, the major serological parameters including protein, albumin, AST, and ALT were also altered in parallel with the deterioration that occurred between the two investigated regions. The present findings have revealed and confirmed that the Abu Rawash area is more impacted compared to El Bawiti.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_154321_39401acebb236b641e8cf76683dc0e06.pdf
2021-03-07
91
101
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.154321
Sclerophrys regularis
biomarker
ecosystem
hematology
biochemistry
Noura,
Khattab
1
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Samy,
Saber
2
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Boshra,
El-Salkh
3
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Rashad,
Said
banjawy@yahoo.com
4
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bird Behaviour during the June 21, 2020 Solar Eclipse
Background: A solar eclipse is an occasional natural phenomenon that can alter the physical and biological processes of organisms. On 21 June 2020 a unique opportunity was offered to evaluate how birds change their behaviour during an eclipse. Bird behaviour was categorised using a scan-sampling technique before, during and after the solar eclipse, and at a different time of eclipse day. Results: Before the eclipse major activity categories were moving (52.45%), foraging (40.20%), and courtship (2.94%) respectively, but there were no roosting/resting observations at this time. These behaviours were much reduced during the eclipse, while roosting accounted for 14.6% of behaviour. When the eclipse began at 06:50, their calling and flying increased, and singing decreased. At maximum eclipse (07:20h), there was a profound decrease in calling, singing, foraging and moving, and courtship; while washing and floating were not observed. After the eclipse, most time was spent foraging (36.3%), followed by moving (flying), with roosting reduced to 2.4%. Conclusions: Clear and radical behavioural changes were observed when the eclipse was started and maximum. Responses of birds to the environmental factor changes associated with the solar eclipse might be the root cause of observed unusual behavioural change.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_155364_742e9ead3c5f0964e77bfa98e1828537.pdf
2021-03-10
103
115
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.155364
behaviour
Bird
eclipse
Effect
River Wetland
Sefi
Mekonen
mekonen.sefi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. P.O. Box, 445
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Techniques for Managing Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Under Changing Climate; A review
Tick infestation is the main issue for animal health that causes substantial economic losses in the form of mortality and morbidity, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries of the world including Pakistan. The rural economy of Pakistan depends upon on livestock industry which faces the problems of some zoonotic diseases spread by tick infestation. Tick infestation caused Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Lyme disease, theileriosis and babesiosis in wild and domestic animals including humans. Climate change is highly associated with the distribution of ticks and ticks borne-diseases (TBDs). Due to global warming, the temperature of the globe is rising which directly and indirectly affects vector-borne diseases like TBDs. To minimize the ticks and TBDs various approaches have been used in different regions of the world including Pakistan. The need for a review paper is to investigate the impact of climate change on ticks and TBDs in livestock as well as public health in Pakistan. To evaluate the effectiveness, environmentally safe, economically feasible and acceptable tick management approaches, literature was reviewed.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_157728_238453dbba13dc06c9e3a8529b1eb2c2.pdf
2021-03-16
117
128
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.157728
Climate Change
Ticks
Tick-Borne Diseases
control methods
techniques
Muhammad,
Ramzan
ramzan.mnsua@gmail.com
1
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
AUTHOR
Ghulam,
Murtaza
2
Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
AUTHOR
Saghira,
Abdul Sattar
3
Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Noshaba
Munawar
4
Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
AUTHOR
Assad
Ullah
5
Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
AUTHOR
Anam
Ejaz
6
Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
AUTHOR
Fatima,
Ayaz
7
Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
AUTHOR
Sandila,
Anwar
8
Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
AUTHOR
Khadija,
,Jameel
9
Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
AUTHOR
Fasiha,
Kamran
10
Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Histological and Biochemical Alterations in Testis Rats Treated with Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles
The objective of this study was to analyze the potential toxicity of the Hydroxyapatite. 60 male albino rats were treated with Hydroxyapatite for 30 days. Toxicity was monitored by quantitative analysis of the serum testosterone hormone level; follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level in serum, luteinizing hormone (LH) level in serum, prolactin hormone PRL) level in serum, AST activity and Alkaline phosphatase activity was measured and tests were collected for histopathological study. The results refer to a significant decrease in testosterone; FSH, LH and PRL while a significant increase in AST and ALP). Histopathology revealed moderate disturbance with an irregular cycle of spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules, a marked decrease in the number of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules, a marked decrease in the number of sperms and Leydig cells. The administration of the Chitosan had beneficial and decrease side effects against the deleterious changes of Hydroxyapatite. In conclusion, results suggest a potential contribution of Hydroxyapatite to the etiology of somebody's diseases while Chitosan has beneficial effects as it tends to dampen Hydroxyapatite toxicity in rats.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_165904_8c7c7b0a94d7d9a365063669bd762ee8.pdf
2021-03-26
129
141
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.165904
Nanoparticles
Hydroxyapatite
Chitosan
testis
Leydig cells
Shakir
Saleh
shakermahdi2@gmail.com
1
Ministry of Education.General Director of Education.Anbar. Iraq.
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Salem
2
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sayed
Bakri
3
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Bream
4
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spiders Community Patterns in Native and Invaded Desert Habitats
The rate of afforestation is increasing worldwide and has represented a common land use and a very important resource for centuries. The use of exotic species in the afforestation process may have a negative impact on ecosystem function and structure, including changes in shading, microclimate, nutrient cycles, and water balance, which may, in turn, affect biodiversity. The objective of this paper was to document and investigate the impact of forest plantations that use alien plants on the native ground-dwelling fauna, specifically using spiders as bioindicators. Spider species showed a great difference in both univariate measurements (diversity indices, richness and evenness) and multivariate analysis (species composition and indicator species). Five spider species were newly recorded in Egypt during this study; four of them were found in the forest habitat (Micaria dives, Odontodrassus aravaensis, Pholcus opilionoides and Scytodes univittata) while Halodromus patellidens was recorded in the control area. The experimental nature of this study confirmed that assessing the risks of forest plantation activities is urgently needed before introducing any species. It highlights the fact that the use of endemic trees is preferred in order to avoid altering native diversity.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_165910_e7dc40aa2a6bebb3b8fe16e6253d989b.pdf
2021-03-30
143
157
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.165910
Afforestation
Alien plants
biodiversity
Indicator
Pitfall trap
species composition
Spiders
Gamal
Orabi
gamal_orabi@science.suez.edu.eg
1
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Doaa
Medany
2
Biotechnology institute for postgraduates and researches, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Fayez
Semida
3
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Roots-Applied Resistance Inducers on Penetration and Development of Root-Knot Nematode in Sugar-Beet
This study is a part of an extended investigation that aims to clarify the nemastatic activity of two commercial formulations of resistance inducers; Bio-arc and Nemastrol against Meloidogyne incognita infected sugar-beet in vitro and in vivo. Generally, data indicate that the ability of all individuals of the stage juveniles to penetrate the roots and develop into the next stage with a shortage of the duration of the life cycle in sandy soil compared to clayey soil. The results showed that Nemastrol caused a significant reduction in the percentage of penetration of M. incognita at the second-stage juveniles. Bio-arc ranked the second one comparing to control in clayey and sandy soil. The duration of developmental four juvenile stages, as well as egg-laying females, have a clear reduction with Nemastrol in clayey and sandy soil more than Bio-arc comparing to control. The length of the life cycle varies, as treatments by Nemastrol were longer than Bio-arc in clayey and sandy soil (2-24 and 9-24 days), respectively. Besides, Nemastrol showed a poor formation of irregular giant cells devoided from the cytoplasm and contained less number of nuclei.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_170154_867a7ddd6d9390e34050fc34c5a5d646.pdf
2021-05-16
159
171
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.170154
Resistance-inducers
Meloidogyne incognita
Penetration
Life cycle
sugar-beet
Ibrahim,
S.
1
-Department of Nematodes diseases and central Lab of biotechnology, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, -Central Lab. of Biotechnology, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza (12619), Egypt
AUTHOR
Wahdan,
H.
2
Central Lab. of Biotechnology, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza (12619), Egypt
AUTHOR
El-Sagheer,
M.
atefelsagheer@azhar.edu.eg
3
Agricultural Zoology and Nematology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Testing the Repellent Effect of Clover Plant, Trifollium alexandrium Juice Against Black Rat, Rattus rattus, to Protect Stores
Background: Rodent repellent substances are chemicals that have taste, odors, or both that will prevent rats from feeding or gnawing. Effects of fresh or fermented clover plant juice were studied as a repellent against both sex black rat, Rattus rattus, under laboratory and stores (fertilizers and equipment stores) conditions in Giza Governorate. Each fresh and fermented clover plant juice mixed with crushed maize at 23.8% (the appropriate concentration) was tested as bait using non and free choice feeding methods. Results: The results revealed that fermented juice was more repellent than fresh juice for rats as it achieved 92.6% repellency comparing with 38.7% for fresh juice after 4 days of treatment. The bodyweight of rats reduced after treated with fermented bait while it increased with fresh bait. The fermented and fresh clover juices were analyzed on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The chemical compounds analysis names were: Erythro- 3- bromo -2- pentanol and other compounds while Thero -3- bromo -2- Pentanol compound was found only in fermented juice. The concentrations of the recorded compounds in fermented juice were higher than those in fresh juice. On the other side, the fermented clover plant juice bait achieved 85.7% efficiency against black rat, R. rattus as a repellent in stores after one week of treatment. Conclusion: The fermented clover plant juice cussed repellent to the rodent. So, it can be used for protecting stores of different materials (equipment, electric cables and raw materials) from rodent attacks.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_171382_2ea033ae3d554f3af37b5e614c5df1f6.pdf
2021-05-20
173
181
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.171382
Fermented clover plant juice
Clover plant analysis
Repellent- Rattus rattus
Stores
Randa
Kandil
1
Agriculture Harmful Animal Research Department.Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC. Dokki, Giza Egypt
AUTHOR
Soha
Mobarak
soha_snails@yahoo.com
2
Agriculture Harmful Animal Research Department.Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC. Dokki, Giza Egypt
AUTHOR
Eman
Abdelhady
3
Agriculture Harmful Animal Research Department.Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC. Dokki, Giza Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comparative Study on the Ameliorative Effects of Aqueous Extract of Two Varieties of Hibiscus on the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier in Bowel Inflammation
Aim: To evaluate the ability of red and white hibiscus (H) in improving the epithelial barrier in indomethacin-induced duodenal and colonic inflammation, compared with prebiotic and to investigate whether the red and/or white hibiscus can be used as natural prebiotic like agents. Methods: Histological, histomorphometric, histochemical demonstration for goblets cells and mucin intensity. Immunohistochemical demonstration of COX-2, and tight junctions (Claudin-1 and E-cadherin) were examined. Duodenal and colonic TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, PGE2, MPO, MDA, TAC, besides, serum CRP were evaluated. Results: Indomethacin induced inflammation and ulceration in the duodenum and colon, with significant depletion in goblet cell count and mucin intensity. COX-2 was increased while claudin-1 and E-cadherin were significantly diminished. Tissue TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, MDA, and serum CRP were elevated significantly by indomethacin, while IL-10, PGE2 and TAC were reduced. Co-treatment with red H, white H, or prebiotics plus indomethacin improved significantly duodenal and colonic histoarchitecture, tissue contents of PAS cells, mucin, claudin-1 and E-cadherin, while COX-2 reduced. TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, MDA, and serum CRP were decreased significantly, while IL-10 , PGE2 and TAC were restored. Conclusion: The current research introduces red and white hibiscus as prebiotics-like agents because of their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or tight junctions modulating activities.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_173200_39f4d606a771af20c2026dc8da01ffc2.pdf
2021-05-29
183
216
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.173200
Epithelial Barrier
Tight Junctions
Claudin-1
E-Cadherin
Intestinal inflammation
Rania
Ahmed
rania.sheir@yahoo.com
1
Dept. of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
AUTHOR
Marwa
Sheir
2
Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre. Giza
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Physiological Effect of Artemisia herba alba Extracts on Sperm Activity in Male Rabbits
Artemisia herba alba plant is spread in forests and desert, cold areas, especially in the Green Mountain region, and it is considered as one of the important medicinal plants in Libya. This study aimed of investigating the stimulating effects of the aqueous extracts of the leaves, seeds and roots of the wormwood plant. The doses (10, 20, 30 mg / kg) effect on testosterone, movement and concentration of sperm for male rabbits were leaded. The results showed that there were highly significant differences with an increase in blood flow, speed and movement of sperm, and level of testosterone compared with the control group at P
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_174152_a2aa31df828a74333f52bbd85cc04741.pdf
2021-05-31
217
223
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.174152
Artemisia herba alba
stimulating effects
sperm activity
Fathiya
Al Marghani
fatheia.ateeg@omu.edu.ly
1
Department of Biology, College of arts and sciences, Omar Al-Mukhtar University. /El-gubba, Libya
AUTHOR
Salma
Alostaomar
salma1981sa@gmail.com
2
Department of Biology, College of arts and sciences, Omar Al-Mukhtar University. /El-gubba, Libya
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Dietary Energy Levels on The Performances of Testicular Development, Live Body Weight and Testosterone Concentration in Ouled Djellal Ram Lambs
The aim of our study was to determine the effect of the dietary energy levels on the live body weight, testis volume and blood testosterone concentration in Ouled Djellal ram lambs throughout growth. The study lasted six months from post-weaning until the pubertal period at the Technical Institute Farms (I.T.E.L.V) Lamtar of Sidi-bel-Abbes (Western Algeria). After weaning, Twenty single-born Ouled Djellal ram lambs from 90 to 240 days old were weighed and allotted into two equal groups of Low energy (n = 10) or High energy (n = 10) nutrition plane. Each group received; in addition to a basal diet (good quality pasture) 200 g and 400 g of concentrate feed mixture containing barley (60%), corn (5%), wheat bran (37.5 %) and vitamin-mineral compound (2.5 %) by head-1day-1 respectively. Hay and water were provided ad libitum. Monthly measurements of live body weight, testicular volume and blood testosterone concentration of lambs were recorded. The results showed that the High energy group of lambs recorded a significantly higher live body weight compared to the lambs of low energy group (p <0.001). Whereas, the testicular growth indicated a gradual and linear increase for both groups (low energy and high energy) with significant differences (p <0.001). However, all measurements of the testis, live body weight, serum testosterone levels and age were positively correlated with one another of both low and high groups throughout the experiment. In conclusion, High-level energy supplementation can improve to enhanced development in Ouled Djellal ram lambs this may be due to its beneficial effect on the productive and reproductive performance of growing male lambs. Furthermore, using younger lambs may reduce production costs, accelerate the benefits of genetic selection, and allow earlier progeny and libido testing.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_174358_e81fd64b8a43f059feeb81826328e762.pdf
2021-06-01
225
240
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.174358
live body weight
Ouled Djellal rams lambs
dietary
testis volume
testosterone
Zineddine,
E.
zineddinevet@gmail.com
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi-bel-Abbes, Algeria.
AUTHOR
Bereksi
K.
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi-bel-Abbes, Algeria.
AUTHOR
Kanoun,
K.
khedoudja.kanoun@univ-sba.dz
3
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology Health and Proteomics, BiologyDepartment, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria
AUTHOR
Maï,
H.
4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi-bel-Abbes, Algeria
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Possible Short-Term Biological Effects of Kefir: Ⅱ: Protective Role and Therapeutic Efficacy of Kefir Beverage on The Cell Biological, Histochemical, Histopathological and Biochemical Changes in Liver of High-Fat-Fed STZ- Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rat
This study was designed to investigate the protective role of kefir and insulin consumption on cellular activities, histochemical components, histological architecture, and integrity of the liver by measuring IL-6 and TNF-α in high fat-fed STZ- induced diabetic male Wistar rats. From a cell biological and histochemical point of view, both kefir and insulin have beneficial various effects on cellular activities and the histochemical components such as DNA, RNA, total protein, collagen, polysaccharides, and phospholipids materials synthesis in the examined normal and diabetic hepatocytes of the male rats. Biochemically, kefir and insulin have various biochemical effects on the serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels. From a pathological point of view, we can say the beneficial various cell biological and histochemical effects of kefir, pathologically may make kefir, to some extent, completely repair all the pathological side effects of type1 diabetes on the hepatocytes in diabetic rats. Also, insulin repair some of the pathological side effects of diabetes on the hepatocytes. The positive results of using kefir and insulin in treating the pathogen effects of diabetes make it possible to obtain positive clinical applications/implications. Therefore, these positive results encourage us to continue working and complete the various long-term pre-clinical trials and clinical trials phases.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_177492_dc8b8ef23503ca141b6484944f57d782.pdf
2021-06-11
241
264
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.177492
biological effects
Kefir
Insulin
diabetes
cell biology
histochemistry
histopathology
biochemistry
physiology
Liver
Male rat
Abdel-Baset
Aref
abdelbasset.aref@sci.svu.edu.eg
1
-Cell Biology and Histochemistry Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt. -Vice President of Institutional Animal Cure and Use Committee of South Valley University in Egypt (IACUC-SVU-Egypt).
AUTHOR
Gülhan
Ünlü
2
Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, USA.
AUTHOR
Osama
Ahmed
3
Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem Street, P.O. Box 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Lobna
Ali
4
Cell Biology and Histochemistry Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Margit
Semmler
5
Diabetes Research Institute, Düsseldorf University, Düsseldorf, Germany
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Colchicine and Moringa oleifera on Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats
Liver fibrosis is the progressive accumulation of connective tissue in the liver, which can be caused by chronic liver injury of various etiologies. Moringa oleifera is a pan-tropical species is used in nurturing both animal and human as an excellent nutritive supplement. Colchicine is a plant that effective against gouty arthritis and other forms of rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, familial Mediterranean fever, Bechet´s disease, etc. This study thrown light on the hepatoprotecitve effects of Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaves extract and colchicine on thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Liver function tests (serum ALT, AST, ALP, and Total protein) in addition to histopathological examination of the liver were performed. This study was carried out on a total number of 42 male albino rats were collocated into seven groups (6 rats per group). The experiment lasted for two months, through which all groups except for control and control positive were given Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaves extract and colchicine. Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide (150 mg/kg) in groups II, V, VI &VII while other groups were injected with 0.9% normal saline of the same volume. Bodyweight was measured three times a week to detect the dose for each rat. The administration of thioacetamide leading a significant increase in serum liver enzyme level ALT, AST, ALP, and Total protein as compared to the control group, while treatment with colchicine and Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaves extract causing significant decreased serum liver enzyme level by (P<0.05) than the induced hepatic group. In general, there is no fundamental difference between groups V, VI, VII. Also revealed that the injection of thioacetamide (150 mg/kg) induced liver fibrosis characterized by a drastic decrease in total protein as compared to the control group by (P <0.05). The colchicine or Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaves extract was able to restore dysfunction. In general, the treatment with colchicine and Moringa oleifera showed good restore in biochemical function and histopathological of the liver. Also, we detected that there are no differences between them.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_180913_85bc13b55bafbf1248407dac7d0c4013.pdf
2021-06-14
265
278
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.180913
Moringa oleifera
Colchicine
Liver fibrosis
biochemical
Histopathological
Rasha
Emara
1
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nabil
Taha
2
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abd El-Wahab
Mandour
3
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Lebda
4
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Rashed
5
Biochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Medhat
Menshawy
medhatshalla@yahoo.com
6
Biology Department, C.B.S and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October City, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Therapeutic Effects of Royal Jelly on Some Biochemical Parameters in Nephrotoxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride (Ccl4) In Albino Rats.
The present study was designed to determine the possible therapeutic effects of royal jelly against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative stress and biochemical changes in the kidney of albino rats. A patch of 20 male albino rats averaged weights (190±10 g) at the beginning of the experiment were divided into 4 main groups according to the treatment and requirements of the experiment. The rats injected i.p. with CCl4 at a dose (1 mL/kg, 1:1 in olive oil) twice per week and received, via gavage, royal jelly at a dose (400 mg/kg b. wt) along the experimental period. Each group contains 5 rats that were sacrificed on the45 days from the start of the experiment. The results refer to a significant elevation of renal parameters (creatinine, blood Urea and Uric acid) on the 6th week in rats injected intraperitoneal with CCl4 as compared to the control groups. The administration of the royal jelly has beneficial and decrease side effects against the deleterious changes of CCl4. In conclusion, according to the results obtained the administration of the royal jelly provides considerable nephroprotective effects against intoxicated with CCl4 in male Wister albino rats by preventing oxidative stress through ROS scavenger and improvement in the former biochemical parameters.
https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_184200_962e82e3ada87f0095b7ce893afe740e.pdf
2021-06-21
279
286
10.21608/eajbsz.2021.184200
carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
Nephrotoxicity
Kidney function
royal jelly
Fatma
Ali
fatma198573@yahoo.com
1
Chemistry department, Benghazi University, Almarj city, Libya.
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Mohamed
2
Biochemistry department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Hassan
3
Biochemistry department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.
AUTHOR