@article { author = {Aref, Abdel-Baset and Ünlü, Gülhan and Ahmed, Osama and Ali, Lobna and Semmler, Margit}, title = {Possible Short-Term Biological Effects of Kefir Beverage: Ⅰ: Effect of Kefir Beverage on The Cell Biological, Histochemical, Histopathological and Biochemical Changes in Pancreas of High Fat-Fed STZ- Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rat}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {1-21}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.181339}, abstract = {The present study was designed to investigate the biological effects of kefir and whether kefir consumption protects and/or repairs the pancreas of high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin-diabetic rats, and how does it do that?.             Our results showed Kefir decreased both the volume of nuclei and RNA content and increased both collagen and lipoproteins material contents in the normal pancreatic cells. Also, kefir increased RNA, protein, and lipoproteins materials content and decreased the volume of nuclei of pancreatic cells in diabetic male rats. Immunohistochemically, kefir showed highly immunoreactive signals of insulin granules inside the Langerhans Islands. Our results showed kefir consumption had a beneficial effect on controlling the glycemic state in diabetic rats by lowering insulin levels and kept the pancreas tissue structurally almost normal.             Kefir probably acts as follows: From the cell biological and histochemical points of view, the results showed an increase in the nuclei volume and DNA, RNA, and total protein contents in the pancreatic cells of diabetic rats treated with kefir. Also, the biochemical and immunohistochemical results showed an increase in insulin hormone (functional protein) of these pancreatic cells, which’s probably a result of an increase in the cellular activities or/and the number of beta cells. Finally, therefore we propose that kefir has a stimulatory effect on the cellular activity of beta cells leading to activation of genes responsible for the protein synthesis included insulin hormone, and/or increasing the cell proliferation of beta cells in the pancreas of diabetic rats. From Cell biological, Histochemical, Immunohistochemical, pathological, and Biochemical points of view, the preclinical treatment with kefir or insulin of normal or diabetic male rats, beneficially highly alternates the cellular activities, histochemical and immunohistochemical materials components, and histological architecture. of the pancreas therefore Kefir and insulin may, to some extent, repair the pathological side effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus.             The positive results of using kefir and insulin in treating the Pathogen effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the pancreas of male mice gave us a hope of possibility to obtain positive clinical applications/implications. Therefore, these positive beneficial results make us continue our work and complete the various pre-clinical trial and clinical experiments phases.}, keywords = {diabetes,Kefir,Insulin,pancreas,cell biology,Histochemistry, Immunohistochemistry,histopathology,biochemistry,Wistar Male Rat}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_181339.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_181339_d20f7a5c955ce118d3bd0ed18eff8500.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamdi, Aishah and Fathy, Samah}, title = {A Survey of Amphibian Fauna in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {23-32}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.188961}, abstract = {The amphibious animal is defined as a group of vertebrates relying upon water and encompassing areas. Individuals of amphibians are an essential part of environments, but they are threatened by human actions, including climate change. Amphibians can likewise give proof of natural well-being and flexibility. In spite of the fact that Jazan area has distinctive environments and fauna, the investigations of amphibian fauna in Jazan area remain ineffectively contemplated and data about its biology and appropriation is inadequate. This study was carried out to investigate the diversity of amphibians in Jazan region through hand grabbing collection of specimens from Dhamd, Abu-Arish, Samtah, Al-Aradha and Ahad Almasarha. Three types of Amphibia (Anura) belong to the family Bufonidae were recorded to include Duttaphrynus dhufarensis, Sclerophrys arabicaand Sclerophrys tihamicaamong the total of seven amphibian species present in Saudi Arabia. The current study revealed that Sclerophrys tihamicais an abundant species while the other two are rare in the study area. Additional field visits and surveys through different seasons and environments (particularly mountains and valleys locations) are recommended.}, keywords = {diversity,Survey,Amphibians,Jazan,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_188961.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_188961_a36b0f9cfd410d474188c7f17a0b879e.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Aziz, Fatma El-Zahraa and Ali, Marwa}, title = {Towards Study of UV-C Radiation Effect on Earthworms and Isopods Via Electron Microscopy}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {33-46}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.189084}, abstract = {Background and Objective: Ultraviolet (UV)radiation is the most significant modifiable risk factor for eye and skin disorders especially skin cancer, atrophy, pigment shifts, and wrinkling in many living organisms. So, this study is based on the detection of the cumulative effects of UV-C radiation on the earthworms (as an alternative model for human skin) and isopods (as an alternative model for the eye) coupled with scanning electron microscopic analysis (SEM). This study was designed for the assessment of human health implications and for the planning of safety measures for human beings. Materials and Methods:  Random samples of earthworms and isopods were collected from different areas. Ten earthworms (Lumbricus castaneus) and fifteen isopods (Porcellio laevis) per set were put in a plastic container and were placed in four groups: control and three UV-C treated groups.  The groups were exposed to UV-C for (15 min/day, 30 min/day and 60 min/day) for three consecutive days using a Laminar Flow UV (254 nm). However, the control group was kept under laboratory conditions and without exposure to UV-C. Morphological changes of earthworms and isopods were examined using SEM. Results: Mild changes appeared after exposure of earthworms and isopods to UV-C for 15 min/day. These changes are maximized after 30 min/day. Complete disappearance of the cell junctions in earthworms with sloughed tissue as well accumulation of crusts between junctions of the compound eye in isopods were observed after exposure for 60 min/day. Conclusion: For the first time, SEM analysis was established to detect the influence of UV-C radiation on earthworms and isopods. It was found that prolonged exposure to UV-C radiation induced severe damage and an increase in the mortality rate for both earthworms and isopods.}, keywords = {UV-C radiation,Earthworms Lumbricus castaneus,Isopods Porcellio laevis,Scanning electron microscope}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_189084.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_189084_f2f1c77d5b7b36ac91b8a1d85d9ce102.pdf} } @article { author = {Aebeed, Aebeed and Mohamed, Kamil and I., Abdalla}, title = {Individual and Combined Toxicity of Chromium and Remilitine Fungicide on The Growth of Earthworm, Eisenia fetida}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {47-54}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.193034}, abstract = {Earthworms are a type of invertebrates that contributes to the growth of plants and fertility improvement of soil. Remilitine fungicide is commonly used by farmers in agriculture in the Benghazi region, whereas Chromium is one of the main soil pollutants, however, more studies are needed concerning its toxicity in soil organisms. Consequently, chromium was selected to be used in this research. Along with Remilitine fungicide and Chromium as well as Remilitine fungicide separately and in combination the body growth of the earthworm, Eisenia fetida in the laboratory. All worms were adults and fully clitellated. The adult worms were exposed to 70 days of sublethal concentration of Remilitine500ppm and Chromium200 ppm as well as the mixture of Remilitine - Chromium (200+ 500ppm). The worms of control treatment reported significantly greater body weight (F= 5.4, P < 0.05), as compared to that of Remiltine treated worms Furthermore, significant differences in worm were also revealed body weight between the control and chromium treated worms after 70 days (F=10.33, P<0.05). These results also reveal statistically significant differences in body weight between the Remilitine -  chromium mixture and the control (F=14.57 P<0.05).  From these results, it is concluded that the interaction type of Chromium and Remilitine combined toxicity is antagonistic.}, keywords = {Mixture toxicology,Metal speciation,Chromium,Eisenia fetida,Remilitine}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_193034.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_193034_2440cf6558fc4563284888856f4aa43c.pdf} } @article { author = {Abo-Elmaged, Tarek and Ali, Abdel-Wahab and Abd El-Wahed, Nazeh and Eraky, Sayed and Abdelgayed, Abdelgayed}, title = {Population Fluctuations of Mites on Two Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Varieties in Three Suburbs of Assiut Governorate, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {55-63}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.193037}, abstract = {Pomegranate, Punica granatumL.(Myrtales: Lythraceae), is one of the most important fruits in Egypt, especially in Assiut Governorate. However, little is known about mite fauna and their population fluctuations in pomegranate orchards. In this study, the population fluctuations of two phytophagous mite species, Tenuipalpus punicae Pritchard & Baker (Acarida: Tenuipalpidae) and Oligonychus punicae Hirst (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), and their associated phytoseiid predators, Euseius scutalis Athias-Henriot (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) and Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), were investigated in two pomegranate varieties (Assiuty and Manfalouty) from three cities that produce pomegranates in Assiut Governorate. Mites were monitored monthly for 2 years beginning in October 2018. Of the phytophagous mites, T. punicae was the main mite pest; its population numbers were highest between July and September in both study years. In contrast, O. punicae reached its highest density between May and August. Notably, the numbers of both predatory mite species, E. scutalis, and N. barkeri, were associated with the densities of their prey, i.e., the aforementioned phytophagous mites.}, keywords = {Mites,Tenuipalpus punicae,Oligonychus punicae,phytoseiid,Egypt}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_193037.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_193037_2908dabc2091beab6b516654232d5185.pdf} } @article { author = {Mekonen, Sefi and Hailemariam, Mastewal}, title = {Population Size, Group Composition and Feeding Ecology of the Endemic and Endangered Colobus guereza gallarum in Harenna Forest, Harenna Buluk District, South East Ethiopia}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {65-75}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.193040}, abstract = {Population size, group composition and feeding ecology of the endemic and endangered Black-and-White Colobus Monkey (Colobus guereza gallarum) was investigated in Harenna Forest, South East Ethiopia by using the line-transect method in 10 selected blocks. During the dry and wet seasons, a mean number of 212 and 246 C. g. gallarum individuals was recorded, respectively. Also, the number of groups of the animal was higher in wet (36) than dry (31) season, but statistically insignificant (P= 0.447). Out of the recorded C. g. gallarum, 25.98% were adult males; 32.53% adult females; 14.85% sub-adult male, 11.14% sub-adult female and 15.50% were juveniles/young. Young leaves were the largest (35.1%) contributor to the diet of guereza followed by shoots (22.1%) in both seasons. Other common items were included mature leaves (20.6 %), bark (17.7%), fruit (2.8%) and flower (1.7%).  C. g. gallarum were observed feeding on 19 plant species belonging to 12 families. The highest contribution of the diet was from the family Rosaceae (41.67%), while family Fabaceae, Moraceae and Myrsinaceae were contributing 50% of the diet. Schefflera volkensii was the most consumed plant species which accounted for 7.96%,  followed by Urera hypselodendron (7.83%)  and  Dombeya torrida (7.06%). Moreover, C.g.gallarum mainly forage on leaves particularly young leaves, and their foraging activities depend inside the forest. Thus, to maintain sustainable conservation of the endemic C.g.gallarum in the area, their habitats should be properly protected, and appropriate monitoring strategies should be designed.}, keywords = {Colobus guereza gallarum,diet,Harenna Forest,population size}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_193040.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_193040_d152e5fd9c9a8531e4f29203aa998370.pdf} } @article { author = {Hailemariam, Mastewal and Mekonen, Sefi}, title = {Extent and Awareness to Use Animals for Traditional Medicine and Attitudes towards Ethnozoological Knowledge among Communities of Menz Keya Gabriel District, North Ethiopia}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {77-88}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.193042}, abstract = {Traditional medicinal knowledge has played an important role in identifying living organisms that are endowed with medicinal values for treating human and livestock health problems. This study explores the existing extent and awareness to use animals for traditional medicine and attitudes towards ethnozoological knowledge among communities of Menz Keya Gabriel District, North Ethiopia. The data were collected through questionnaires and interviews from three selected kebeles of the district with 70 respondents. The majority (88.6%) of the local people knew animals that were used as traditional medicine for human and animal disease. Also, local people enforced the use of animals for traditional medicines due to different reasons such as economical reasons (30%), effectiveness (24.3%), sociocultural reason (20%), insufficient or lack of modern medicine (14.3%) and availability and accessibility of medicinal animals around the area (11.4%). Most respondents perceived that traditional medicinal animals are used sometimes (38.6%), while 35.7% and 25.7% use in situational and always manner, respectively. The main threat for medicinal animals in the area arises from habitat loss due to agricultural expansion, firewood and charcoal production. Whereas threats that erode and put the continuity under the question of ethnozoological knowledge emanate from the disinterest of the young generation, and unwillingness, secrecy and oral-based knowledge transfer of healers. Therefore, to avoid erosion of this knowledge and to sustain animals, awareness creation should be given to healers and local people. Further biological researches on medicinal animals should also be conducted. }, keywords = {Animal,conservation,Ethnozoology,Indigenous knowledge,Zootherapy}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_193042.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_193042_7c9b2e3f0efdd6d9cb4ecfff728a2833.pdf} } @article { author = {Desoky, Abd El-Aleem. and Baghdadi, Saudi, and Abo-Elmaged, Tarek}, title = {Endoparasites of Dominant Rattus rattus frugivorus (Rafinesque, 1814) In Sohag Area, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {89-93}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.194189}, abstract = {In this study, an inventory of the types of rodents in the study area was conducted, and a survey of internal parasites was done for the most important types of rodents prevalent in Sohag region during the year 2020. The results showed that four types of climbing rodents were present. Those rodents were the white-bellied rat (the most dominant in the region), the gray-bellied climber rat, field rat and brown Norwegian rat. The results showed the absence of many species.           By studying the internal parasites of the most common species in the study area. we found 3 trematodes (Echinostoma liei Jeyarasasingam &Heyneman,1972, Schistosoma mansoni (Bilharzia), and Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus,1758),two nematodes (Angiostrongylus cantoniensis Chen,1935, and Trichuris sp.) and one cestode (Hymenolepis sp.) of the white-bellied climbing rat Rattus rattus frugivorus, which is the dominant species in this study.}, keywords = {Rattus rattus frugivorus,Echinostoma liei,Schistosoma mansoni Angiostrongylus cantoniensis Trichuris sp,Hymenolepis sp}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_194189.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_194189_788561e2777b75ca19e716d00190542c.pdf} } @article { author = {Abo-Zaid, Asmaa, and El- Hawary, I. and Mahrous, M. and El-Sheikh, M.}, title = {Field Observation on Biology and Ecology of Terrestrial Snails Infesting Field and Vegetable Crops at Gharbia Governorate}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {95-103}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.196691}, abstract = {Results of a survey carried out on land mollusks infesting field and vegetable crops in Gharbia Governorate during the period from February to April 2017 and 2018 revealed the occurrence of two land snail species. These species were the glassy clover snail, Monacha cartusiana (Muller), family: Hygromiidae and the amber snail, Succinea putris Linnaeus, family: Succineidae. The identified species varied in their incidence and level of infestation according to locality and host plant. M. cartusiana infested all inspected fields of Egyptian clover, wheat, Cabbage and lettuce in the nine surveyed localities (villages) with low, moderate and high levels of infestation. While, broad bean and potato were populated with the species in one and two localities, respectively with low infestation. On the other hand, S. putris was detected on Egyptian clover and wheat with low or moderate numbers.           The seasonal population behavior of the predominant species, M. cartusiana was monitored on Egyptian clover and wheat during two successive seasons (2016/2017) and (2017/2018). It was found that population density increased during the spring months as compared to low or moderate values during the autumn and winter months. The breeding season of M. cartusiana as recognized by the presence of egg clutches in the field lasted 3.5 months from mid-November to the beginning of March. The general mean of clutches laid by M. cartusiana was 1.58 clutches per 0.25m2. On the other hand, the general mean clutch size was 19.8 eggs/clutch with a range of 11 to 24 eggs per clutch.}, keywords = {Land snails,field,vegetable crops,Survey,Gharbia Governorate,Population dynamics,Breeding season,clutch size}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_196691.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_196691_55f8d751f09e97fcf9445948d3b7b28c.pdf} } @article { author = {Aref, Abdel-Baset}, title = {Tramadol Biological Effects, 2: Effective Therapeutic Efficacy of Lagenaria siceraria Preparation and Melatonin on Cell Biological, Histochemical and Histopathological Changes in Hepatocytes of Tramadol-Induced Male Mice}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {105-119}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.198263}, abstract = {Goal: the present work aimed to study of biological effects of tramadol and treat its side effects via Lagenaria siceraria or melatonin. Results: Cytologically, histochemically, and histopathologically the present results showed the injection of tramadol for 20 and 40 days highly decreased the volume nuclei; DNA, RNA, total protein, and polysaccharides contents; and highly increased collagen content in normal hepatocytes of the male mice. Also, the present results showed the injection of tramadol showed a severe degree of histopathological changes in hepatocytes of the male mice. Cytologically histochemically, the present results showed that: the treatment via Lagenaria siceraria or melatonin pronounced increased the volume nuclei; DNA, RNA, and total protein contents; and pronounced decreased collagen content in tramadol-induced hepatocytes of the male mice. Also, Lagenaria siceraria pronounced increased polysaccharides content. The stopping tramadol modulatory increased RNA and total protein contents and decreased collagen content in tramadol-induced hepatocytes. Histopathologically, Lagenaria siceraria or melatonin displayed normal histological architecture and normal regeneration and division of the hepatocytesin the tramadol-induced male mice. Conclusion: tramadol induced various cytological, histochemical, and histopathological alterations, while the treatments resist and repair tramadol's side effects.}, keywords = {Tramadol - Lagenaria Siceraria - Melatonin – Liver – Male Mice Cytologically,histochemically,and histopathologically}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_198263.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_198263_997952a2be8db3a28b231f9e29e9171d.pdf} } @article { author = {Basal, Wesam and Omar, Amel and Mahmoud, Aya}, title = {Exposure to Lufenuron During the Third Gestational Period Induces Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Effects in Pregnant Albino Rats and Their Fetuses}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {121-134}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.201107}, abstract = {The last few decades witnessed massive increments in the accumulation of agrochemicals and insecticides residues in the environment, poisoning human and animal food. In our study, we evaluated the genotoxic, and oxidative stress effects of residual-level lufenuron exposure on pregnant rats during the third period of gestation (day 13-19) to both mother and fetuses. The experimental design depended on dividing the females into three groups; control (untreated), low-dose group (orally administered with 0.4 mg/kg lufenuron) and high-dose group (orally administered with 0.8 mg/kg lufenuron). In comet assay, the liver cells of lufenuron-treated pregnant dams and their fetuses showed significant DNA damage compared to control.  Cell cycle arrest was also detected in liver cells at G0/G1 phase through flow cytometry. The oxidative stress induced by lufenuron in liver cells of mothers and fetuses was detected by the increased lipid peroxidation as indicated by the elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels- and decreased levels of enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]). In conclusion, the obtained results point out the high potential of chronic exposure to lufenuron residual concentrations during the third period of gestation for exerting genotoxic, and oxidative stresses on pregnant rats and their fetuses. }, keywords = {genotoxicity,reproductive toxicity,cell cycle arrest,Oxidative Stress,Comet assay,Flow cytometry}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_201107.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_201107_116632f8aca92c559452f9d6272abb0d.pdf} } @article { author = {Shaaban, Eman, and El-Sayed, Awaad, and El Feky, Faten and Abdel Gawad, Soad, and Mohammed, Neveen}, title = {Spatial Variations in The Length-Weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor of The Introduced Freshwater Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, (Girard, 1852) from the River Nile and Its Tributaries, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {135-146}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.201694}, abstract = {The biometric relationships for the freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) collected from four different sites of the River Nile and its tributaries (Helwan, El Warraq, El Rahawy and El Rayah El Menoufy) had calculated during the present study. The size of these individuals varied from 6.6 to 14.3 cm in total length, and from 3.6 to 80.8 g in total body weight. There was an obvious gradual increase in average weight, varied from 26.81 ±14.47g at Helwan to 27.46±18.6 g and, 27.52 ±17.22 g at El Warraq and El Rayah El Mounofy, respectively, reaching the highest average of 34.48±22.5 g at El Rahawy. The relationship < /span> between the total length and total body weight for the whole population (sexes combined) showed curvilinear relation at all sites, with positive allometric regression coefficient "b" higher than an isometric value ‘3”, recorded 3.169, 3.301 and 3.228 at Helwan, El Warraq and El Rahawy, respectively, but declined to negative allometry of 2.576 at El Rayah El Mounofy. The values of “b” were also higher in males than females at all between sexes (P> 0.05). The values of relative condition factor "Kn" (wellbeing) for this species was generally higher than ‘1” at most sites and averaged 1.14 ± 0.20, 0.96± 0.18, 1.12± 0.14 and 1.11+0.27 at Helwan, El Warraq, El Rahawy and El Rayah El Mounofy, respectively. It was also relatively higher in small and medium-sized individuals than the larger sizes.}, keywords = {Egypt,River Nile,Crayfish,total length,body weight,Condition factor}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_201694.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_201694_5dc2ab294b12b29db22fe5fb4a6ed263.pdf} } @article { author = {Mobarak, Soha and Ahmed, Heba and Kandil, Randa}, title = {The Efficiency of Acetylcysteine (Drug) As A Molluscicide.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {147-155}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.201695}, abstract = {Mucus is very important for the protection of land snails. It is the second defense line after the shell. This study was conducted to test the effect of acetylcysteine (drug) against the mucus in the foot of a clover land snail, Monacha cartusiana (O.F. Müller 1774), under laboratory and field conditions. Snails were exposed to serial concentrations of the tested compound for seven days as bait. LC50 of the compound was calculated and the effect of ¼ LC50 was tested on Total Protein (TP) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALK). The histopathology of land snail foot was studied after treatment with ¼ LC50. The field performance of the compound was evaluated against M. cartusiana as poison bait 3.6% for 21 days in a clover field at Sumsta district, Beni- Suef Governorate. The laboratory results revealed that the LC50 was 2%, and the most effective concentration was 3.6% which gave 90 % mortality. Moreover, the compound caused high significant effect on TP and ALK with a severe increase in their biochemical parameters. Based on the histopathological effect on the foot, the compound caused focal necrosis in the epithelium and degeneration in the connective tissue. The field results indicated that the compound achieved a 95% reduction in the population of M. cartusiana compared with methomyl (the compound recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture), which gave an 88.0% population reduction in the snails' population. Therefore, acetylcysteine compound can be used as a safe molluscicide in agriculture fields, to reduce the number of pest snails to avoid environmental pollution and the long-term pest resistance to methomyl compound. }, keywords = {Acetylcysteine,clover land snail,Monacha cartusiana,Molluscicide}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_201695.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_201695_18cef1f2e00dca8693192b32afbfaa7e.pdf} } @article { author = {E., Zineddine, and R., Belmamoun, and K., Kanoun,}, title = {Study of some Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Western Algeria}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {157-171}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.203016}, abstract = {Subclinical mastitis is an insidious disease of the mammary gland that negatively affects the production of the dairy cow. It is necessary to make a diagnosis in order to control them. The main objective is to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and to identify the main risk factors related to the establishment of mammary infections, particularly subclinical mastitis with multi-resistant Staphylococcus in cattle farms in the region of Sidi-Bel-Abbès. The secondary objectives are to describe the characteristics related to the conduct and hygiene of milking that may increase the risk of intramammary infections. A total of 134 cows aged between 1 and 9 years, of Local Breed (n=3), Crossbreed (n= 84) and Holstein Breed (n=47) in different stages of lactation. Milk samples collected from study cows were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT) for each udder quarter milk sample.  All animals were clinically examined using a standardized questionnaire in an exhaustive manner and completed in real-time, interviewing the staff in charge of the farms and attending all stages of milking. All dairy cows were apparently healthy with clinically sound udder secreting apparently normal milk. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was used to analyze the raw milk samples collected. The risk factors studied were either animal-related such as age, breed, lactation rank, stage of lactation (Early, Middle, Late) and parity, or environmental related such as season and collection area. Our results indicate that the prevalence of mastitis in crossbred cows (62.68%) and Holstein cows (35.07%) was significantly higher than that of homebred cows (2.23%) with a clear predominance at the age of 1 to 4 years. The result of CMT performed in the present study showed that the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in udder quarters was significantly higher in crossbred cows 204 (30.72%) than in Holstein cows 124 (36.9%) and local cows 8 (2.38%) respectively. The frequency of udder infections by Staphylococcus increases for both primiparous and multiparous women. The analysis of variance shows that the occurrence of subclinical mastitis is influenced by the stage of lactation especially in early lactation compared to other stages (p < 0.001) and parity (p=0.041) in crossbred cows. The Bacteriology was significantly influenced by stage of lactation (p=0.031), breed (p= 0.017) and season (p= 0.005), respectively. The frequency of mammary infections by Staphylococcus is increasing in both primiparous and multiparous cows. By comparing the sampling areas we can deduce that the western area of the region can be considered as a risk indicator compared to the northern area while the other two areas are not. On the other hand, the association of the two factors, i.e. stage of lactation and sampling zone, the risk of the western zone becomes insignificant (p=0.07) while the middle of the stage of lactation persists as a non-risk phase. The present study allowed us to evaluate the frequency of subclinical mastitis and to identify the different bacterial strains of staphylococci responsible. In Conclusion, determining the risk factors for the development of Subclinical Mastitis allows us to establish a control program to improve the health of the udder of dairy cows and thus increase milk production.}, keywords = {Subclinical mastitis,dairy cow California Mastitis Test,Bacteriology,Sidi-Bel-Abbès,Algeria}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_203016.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_203016_235afffba3e1cf8ca85b78fa93e4dcb9.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammad, Wafaa and El-Wakeil, Khaleid}, title = {Effects of Dietary Coffee on Feeding Parameters and Growth of Terrestrial Isopod, Porcellio laevis}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {173-183}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.203498}, abstract = {Caffeine is considered the most widely consumed pharmacologically active drug. It is probably found in popular beverages (coffee, tea, soft drinks), as well as cocoa or chocolates-based goods. However, it has received a lot of attention there is still much to be learned with respect to its toxicology in animals. Terrestrial isopods are considered one of the most investigated invertebrate groups in soil ecotoxicology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of coffee on feeding parameters and the growth of terrestrial isopod Porcellio laevis. Feeding parameters and growth efficiency were calculated and compared among treated isopod groups. The results revealed decreasing in food parameters such as consumption ratio, assimilation ratio, and egestion ratio in P. laevis treated with different concentrations of coffee. Also, decreasing growth efficiency for this isopod was noticed after exposure to different concentrations of coffee. These results indicate that high levels of caffeine may have toxic effects on P. laevis after a long period of exposure. Further research about the toxic effect of caffeine on isopods is needed.}, keywords = {Caffeine,Pharmaceutical residues,terrestrial isopods,ecotoxicology}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_203498.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_203498_533e0c6f5ed707fc85107b25a5972e9f.pdf} } @article { author = {Salem, Fatma Elzahraa}, title = {Modulatory Effect of Camellia Sinensis Extract on the Function of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis in PTZ-Induced Epileptic Seizures in Rat Model}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {185-195}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.205679}, abstract = {Exposure to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is capable of inducing experimental epilepsy in rats. This study aimed to investigate the role of Camellia sinensis extract in ameliorating the toxicity induced by epilepsy. The treatment with the extract started orally in epileptic rats after intraperitoneal injection with PTZ for 30 days (300mg/kg). Induction of epilepsy resulted in a significant decrease in glutamate, aspartate, serine, 5-HT, DA, NE and a significant increase in GABA, glycine and taurine in the hypothalamus. In addition, it causes an increase in serum LH and FSH and a significant decrease in serum testosterone in addition to disturbance in oxidative and antioxidant system. Treatment with Camellia sinensis extract showed significant improvement in most of the studied parameters at PCamellia sinensis extract exerts an ameliorative effect on the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in the rat model of epilepsy.}, keywords = {Epilepsy,PTZ,Camellia sinensis extract,testosterone,neurotransmitters,Brain}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_205679.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_205679_045fdf5a9b02fd3fac7fe784fb36ff20.pdf} } @article { author = {Olugbebi, T. and Olaleru, Fatsuma and Fasona, M. and Omoregie, Q.}, title = {Guard Hair Morphology of Cercopithecidae Family in Omo Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {197-206}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.207329}, abstract = {Apart from its use for protection, temperature regulation, and identification of species, mammalian hair can be used in forensic biology through morphological analysis to identify trafficked endangered wildlife. This study determined the morphological characteristic of dorsal guard hairs of four species of Cercopithecidae family obtained from hunters in Omo Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria. These were mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona), putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans), red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus), and white-throated monkey (Cercopithecus erythrogaster). Data on qualitative and quantitative morphological characteristics of hair samples were obtained and analysed using standard methods. The qualitative features determined were scale patterns and medulla type; while the quantitative were scale length and width, shaft diametre (μm), medulla diametre and medulla index and fraction. C. mona had the highest values in shaft (387.00±75.38) and medullary (226.00±59.73) diametres, scale length (218.76±60.29) and width (725.76±155.91), and medullary index (0.58±0.13) and fraction (58.4±12.60). All the quantitative hair morphologies of the four species were significantly different (P≤0.05) except scale length (which was significant at P≤0.07). A post hoc test showed that the medullar diametre of C. mona was significantly different (P≤.003) from the other species. The medullary diametre of C. nictitans was significantly different (P≤0.05) from C. torquatus. The medullary index of C. mona was significantly different from that of C. nictitans (P≤0.017), C. torquatus (P≤0.001), and C. erythrogaster (P≤0.003). The differences observed in the morphological features of the sampled hairs could be used in species identification and a database for any trafficked member of these four species from Nigeria.}, keywords = {Guard hair,hair morphology,medullary cortex,medullary index,shaft diametre}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_207329.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_207329_4461fd8ef1a45222f4e96b85bbcf532d.pdf} } @article { author = {Nasef, Amr}, title = {Effect of Variation in Aquatic Environment Type on Biochemical Composition and Protein Quality in Some Fishes}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {207-223}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.207515}, abstract = {Fish is an extremely important factor in human food and health, and fish varies in its environment from one species to another. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out whether this environmental difference had an effect on the difference in the biochemical (food) component of these fish? ; This was done by selecting two types of fish that differ from each other in their aquatic environment in terms of the nature of the water and depth (Oreochromis niloticus from the freshwater - the Nile River, and the Solea solea from the marine water beds - Suez Gulf) and the approximate composition and components were analyzed seasonally biochemical in the muscle tissue of these two species, the amount of crude protein, fat, carbohydrate, calorific value, moisture and ash were measured. The results showed that despite the apparent difference in the values ​​of the quantitative biochemical analysis, the statistical analysis reported that there were no significant differences between the two environmentally different species in the values ​​of protein, fat and water content, where P values <0.05; While carbohydrates, calorific value and ash values ​​recorded clear significant differences between the two species with environmental differences where P values >0.05, which means that the difference may be qualitative rather than quantitative, and this was confirmed by the qualitative analysis through the application of protein electrophoresis technology as an example, which showed a clear qualitative discrepancy between the two types under study.}, keywords = {environment,Nile River,Oreochromis niloticus,Suez Gulf,Solea solea,Biochemical composition}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_207515.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_207515_71f65872a824edc1f982e21f6b78ee1d.pdf} } @article { author = {Elwakeel, Shereen and Abdel Rahman, Amina}, title = {Protective Effect of Gallic Acid on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, Genotoxicity, and Histopathological Alterations in Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {225-244}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.207518}, abstract = {Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancer. Despite its nervous, hepatic, renal, and cytotoxic side effects, it is a highly effective agent whether used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutics. This study was designed to examine the prophylactic effects of Gallic acid (GA) on CP-induced acute renal toxicity. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups, 6 animals each: G1 was given normal saline and served as -ve control, while G2 and G3 were given i.p injections of 100 and 200 mg/kg GA, respectively, for 15 days. G4 was used as a +ve control and received a single i.p. injection of CP (150 mg/kg). G5 and G6 were treated with the two different doses of GA for 15 days before receiving a single i.p. injection of CP. Animals were euthanized 24 hrs after the last treatment, and their kidneys were carefully dissected out for histological, immunohistochemical investigation of Zona occluden-1(ZO-1), and biochemical examination, as well as the evaluation of P53, apoptotic markers and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene expressions. Blood samples were also taken to determine serum creatinine and urea levels. The intake of GA improved kidney function, as evidenced by lower levels of kidney toxicity markers (urea and creatinine). GA significantly reduced the percent of DNA fragmentation in renal tissue via modulating the levels of glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) enzymes as well as malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, GA reduced renal TNF-α and P53 gene expressions and improved the kidney's histological architecture as well as increasing of ZO-1 immuno-expression. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that GA protects against CP-induced renal toxicity via an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism. We believe that GA may have prophylactic effects against CP-induced nephrotoxicity.}, keywords = {cyclophosphamide,Nephrotoxicity,Gallic acid,DNA- damage, apoptosis, Zona occluden-1}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_207518.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_207518_bb149ffdb46a71046ca17d692f95f5c8.pdf} } @article { author = {Nasef, Amr}, title = {Ecological State in The Relationship Between Environmental Factors and Proximate Composition of Squilla mantis (Stomatopoda-Squillidae): as an Expected Indicator of The Impact of Climate Change}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {245-258}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.207564}, abstract = {Squilla mantis shrimp is extremely a good source of high nutritive value making them a very healthy choice for human food. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to examine the relationship between environmental factors and the proximate composition of Squilla mantis (stomatopoda - squillidae):  as an indicator of the impact of climate change. Through measurement of the environmental factors (temperature, salinity, pH value, and dissolved oxygen) measured seasonally, at the same time of proximate composition and biochemical constituents were analyzed seasonally in the muscle tissue of Squilla mantis. The Crude protein, lipid, carbohydrate, calorific value, moisture and ash were quantified in Squilla mantis. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the values of the correlation coefficient for different biochemical composition parameters ranged between very strong positive correlation and very strong negative correlation, the relationships were different; the most influential factor is salinity, followed by dissolved oxygen, followed by temperature and pH. It was clear from this study that the ecological state of these constituents is affected by the alteration of environmental factors as a new indicator of the impact of climate change.}, keywords = {Marine Ecology}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_207564.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_207564_4b69e5797f22e4c8fc2066f2184fb60e.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan, Hanaa and Meligi, Noha}, title = {The Toxic Effect of Indoxacarb Exposure on Some Hematological and Hormonal Indices and Evaluating the Potential Alleviative Effects of Vitamin C and Zinc in Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {259-270}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.208185}, abstract = {The world is facing very severe disasters, most notably the toxic effects of pesticides on living organisms’ health and the environment, whether directly or indirectly and in the short or long term. Some developing countries suffer from severe shortcomings regarding the necessary precautions to reduce the potential toxicity risks from handling or exposure to pesticides. This work achieved to study the toxic effect of sub-lethal dose of indoxacarb (100 mg/kg) exposure and evaluate the protective effects of vitamin C (200 mg/kg) and zinc (Zn) (100 mg/kg) (separately or together) in male albino rats. The experimental rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6): control group, indoxacarb-treated group < span>, indoxacarb+vitamin C- treated group < span>, indoxacarb+Zn- treated group, and indoxacarb+vitamin C+Zn- treated group. All groups received orally the tested doses every 48 h for 21 days. The results indicated that indoxacarb induced significant changes of some hematological parameters (red blood cells (RBC) counts, white blood cells (WBC) counts, hemoglobin (Hb) content, hematocrit (Hct) value, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and platelets counts) besides substantial alterations in the thyroid hormones (tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) and the sex hormones (total and free testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol). Furthermore, the administration of vitamin C and zinc together alleviated the alteration of later hematological and hormonal parameters in indoxacarb-treated rats. Conclusion: a mixture of vitamin C and zinc may show ameliorating effects against indoxacarb-toxicity through improving the examined biochemical parameters about the use of both alone.}, keywords = {albino rats,hematological parameters,Hormonal parameters,Indoxacarb,vitamin c,zinc}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_208185.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_208185_e582de568e3eea995300e5846a5a66ef.pdf} } @article { author = {Reda, Yousra and Mahmoud, Shereen and Abdou, Rania and Elhady, Kawther}, title = {Evaluation of Heavy Metal Residues in Poultry Farms in Ismailia Province}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {271-284}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.209055}, abstract = {Heavy metals pollution, along with environmental pollution, is increasing every day. It contaminates foodstuff. Moreover, in the last few years, the frequency of renal failure and liver cirrhosis in a human was markedly increased which could be related to heavy metal pollution in Egypt. The present study was designed to investigate the presence of heavy metals (lead, cadmium and iron) as well as macro elements (sodium, calcium and manganese) in drinking water (tap and well water), feed and tissue residues in 5 different broiler's farms (A,B,C,D and E) in Ismailia Governorate. Farm A was in Fayed area, farm B was in El Tall El Kebir area, farm C was in Abu Khalifa area, farm D was in Taie area, and farm E was in Sarabium area. Both farms A and B used tap water while farms C, D and E used well water. Levels of lead (Pb) were non-detectable or within the permissible limits stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Egyptian Organization of Standardization (EOS) in all water types, feed and tissues. The levels of cadmium (Cd) were non-detectable or within permissible limits in both water types, while it was detected in the feed of all farms and exceeded the permissible limit in farms B and C with increased tissue residue in farm B. Iron (Fe) water level was non-detectable in farm A, while it was detected in the other farms and were within the permissible limit. Iron feed and tissues levels were considerably high in broilers in all tested farms. Sodium was detected in higher levels in water and feed of farms C and D with exceeding permissible limits in the water. The sodium (Na) level was significantly higher in kidney samples of farm C than in other farms. Calcium (Ca) levels were higher in the water of farms C and D than permissible limits with significantly higher kidney residue in farm D than others. Magnesium (Mg) was detected in water within the permissible limit in all farms with more values in Farms C and D that were reflected as significant elevations in tissue residues of the former farms. Levels of heavy metal are variable between different farms under investigation with high levels of lead and cadmium in farms that used tap water for broilers farms that were attributed to the nearness of human activities to such farms.}, keywords = {Toxicology,Heavy metals,Poultry,tissues,water}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_209055.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_209055_e3511ebcabfad7342ae1a152387d82f2.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Heba and Mohamed, Mona and Kamel., Afaf}, title = {Possible Ameliorative Role of Ethanolic Ginger Extract (Zingiber officinale) against Testicular Toxicity Induced By Monosodium Glutamate In Albino Rats}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {285-300}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.210042}, abstract = {The paper aims to investigate the protective effect of ethanolic ginger extract against Monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced reproductive disorders in male rats. Forty-eight male albino rats were separated into four experimental groups:  normal control, ginger extract, MSG only, and MSG plus ginger extract groups. All experimental regimens were administrated orally for four weeks. Dissection was done after two and four weeks from the starting of the experiment. Body and testis weight, sperm abnormalities, biochemical investigations were recorded. Additionally, molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemical techniques in testis tissue were performed. The present data shows a significant increase in body weight, sperm abnormalities, and serum total cholesterol, with a significant decline in testis weight, serum Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels after MSG administration. There was an upregulation in the expression of Bax protein whereas downregulation in the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) protein in the MSG group when compared with the normal control. Furthermore, testicular alterations were distinguished in the group treated with MSG only, along with enhanced caspase-3 and declined BCl-2 positive cells in testis tissue. While administration with ethanolic ginger extract showed an ameliorative effect contrasted with testicular alterations produced by Monosodium glutamate. }, keywords = {Monosodium glutamate (MSG),testicular alterations,Food additive,Oxidative Stress,Zingiber officinale}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_210042.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_210042_8e854feb44a98e22dbe20651568dd26b.pdf} } @article { author = {Khidr, Eman and Yacoub, Norhan}, title = {Damage In Wheat Fields Caused by The House Sparrow (Passer domesticus niloticus Nicoll and Bonhote, 1909) At Sharkia Governorate, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {301-306}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.210043}, abstract = {The damage in wheat fields caused by the house sparrow, Passer domesticus niloticus Nicoll and Bonhote, 1909 was estimated around different distances of certain sites at Sharkia governorate. Results revealed that wheat fields nearby houses significantly showed the highest values of damage (24.41%); whereas, wheat fields around animal husbandries significantly recorded median values of damage (16.53%). The lowest value of loss in wheat (7.87%) was significantly investigated in fields lay around fruit orchards. On the other hand, the damage caused by the house sparrow decreased with increasing the distances around the tested sites. The rate of damage in wheat fields due to house sparrow attack showed the highest value (50.01%) nearby houses; while, it gradually decreased to 33.87% around animal husbandry and 16.12% around fruit orchards. But, the rate of damage recorded the highest values of 80.33% at 10 meters; sharply decreased to 14.20% at 25 meters and 5.47% at 40 meters. }, keywords = {Passer domesticus niloticus,wheat fields,Sharkia governorate,Egypt}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_210043.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_210043_7ed50b77362e1a3dc9953429ed07ecbe.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Hakeem, Sara and Omar, Hossam El- din and Abed, Gamal and Hassan, Faten and Al-Bedak, Osama and Tolba, Mohammed}, title = {Bioactive Compounds of Ziziphus spina-christi Seeds Extract and Cellulase Enzyme Attenuates the Growth of Acanthamoeba polyphaga Isolated From Contact Lenses}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {307-321}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.210632}, abstract = {Background: Free-living Acanthamoeba spp. can cause sight-threatening amoebic keratitis and fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. The difficulties in protecting against Acanthamoeba spp. frequently begin with a lack of diagnosis and continue with a lack of treatment. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ethanolic extract from Ziziphus spina christi (ZSC) seeds and cellulase enzyme as potential treatments against Acanthamoeba polyphaga compared to chlorhexidine (CHX) treatment. Methodology: Acanthamoeba polyphaga were isolated from contact lenses and contact lens solutions and were observed daily for72–96 h and 3 weeks for trophozoites and cysts, respectively. Five groups, including ZSC, cellulose enzyme, the combination of ZSC and enzyme, CHX group, and control group < /em> were designed. Results: GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed ~ 85 bioactive compounds (primarily fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives). The antioxidant capacity of the extract at 800, 500, and 200 mg/ml was 1.972, 1.542, and 0.958 mg of ascorbic acid/g dry weight, respectively. Light and scanning electron microscopy observations revealed degeneration, decreasing in size, and distortion of the trophozoites and cysts.The viability of trophozoites and cysts was significantly reduced by different concentrations of the extract either alone or in combination with cellulose enzyme compared to 0.02% CHX. Conclusion: These results indicate that ethanolic extract from ZSC seeds (at the tested concentrations) and cellulase enzyme have anti-Acanthamoeba potential at various incubation periods.}, keywords = {Acanthamoeba,ziziphus,GC-MS analysis,DISTORTION,viability}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_210632.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_210632_8a71c5edd48c18560ee85fbfd34efdc9.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Farag and Reda, Rasha}, title = {Comparative Acute Exposure Study of Abamectin Different Formulations Inducing Physiological and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Nile Tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus).}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {223-238}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.220560}, abstract = {The goal of this study is to assess the acute and sublethal potential hazards on tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to two different commercial formulations of abamectin (ABM, 5%): emulsifiable concentration (EC) and microemulsions (ME). The median lethal concentration (LC50 - 96 h) to each formulation was determined, as well as the adverse effects of sublethal concentrations (½ LC50) on physiological and oxidative stress biomarkers after 96hs of exposure. The LC50 (96 h) values for EC and ME were 10 and 16.6 µg/L, respectively. Furthermore, in both EC and ME, the findings of physiological and oxidative stress aspects revealed significant markedly increases in serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and urea, as well as a significant decline in aminotransferases activity (ALT and AST), and creatinine levels (Cre). Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were greatly increased, whereas glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly reduced in the liver and brain. }, keywords = {Abamectin,Formulations,Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus),LC50,liver and kidney function,Oxidative Stress}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_220560.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_220560_0a4a8de96da7968952f8dc04ae5bccf3.pdf} } @article { author = {Mostafa, EL-Sayed,}, title = {The Suitability of Some Storage Products to Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Sancassania berlesei Infestation Accompanied with Application Some Flavoring Powders to Reduce Population}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {339-351}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.235863}, abstract = {The storage mites Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Sancassania berlesei are the most important pests of stored foods (dry milk, bran, flour, rice, wheat, corn, oats, etc.) and are found in heavy infestation. The main objective of the present study work was to determine the population growth of T. putrescentiae and S. berlesei on different storage products i.e. dry milk, bran, flour (wheat and maize), and rice after 15 and 30 days of infestation. The developmental stages which were studied, were the eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults for the former species, in addition to the hypopial stage for the second species. The results showed that the lowest numbers of all developmental stages for the two mite species were recorded on rice, followed by maize flour, wheat flour and bran while on the dry milk the highest numbers of all developmental stages were stated during 15 and 30 days. The number of hypopial stage was increased gradually on dry milk, bran, wheat flour, maize flour, and rice after 15 & 30 days, respectively.To decrease the two tested mites, flavoring powders (mint, basil, black pepper and curcuma) were mixed with target store products with a monitoring population of different developmental stages. Curcuma powder caused a 60-80% reduction with Curcuma on the five stored products for T. putrescentiae after 15 days and a 40-50% reduction after 30 days. Concerning the S. berlesei, Curcuma caused a reduction of more than 70% after 15 days and 40 % after 30 days. The other flavoring powders caused lower reductions than Curcuma, the arrangement of these powders descending were black pepper, basil and mint, respectively. From these results, we can use these powders to decrease the numbers of studied stored mites T.putrescentiae and S. berlesei on the target stored products to decrease their population subsequently damage.}, keywords = {Tyrophagus putrescentiae,Sancassania berlesei,population growth,Dry milk,bran,flour,rice,Curcuma,black pepper,basil,mint}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_235863.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_235863_51641e5a4575b24cfdf9815c2383fa29.pdf} } @article { author = {Elkholy, Samah, and Walash, Eman,}, title = {Population Dynamics of Mite Pests and Predacious Mites on Three Tomato Cultivars at Menoufia Governorate in Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {353-363}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0759}, eissn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2021.278255}, abstract = {A field experiment was conducted to investigate the population dynamics of phytophagous mites Tetranychus urticae Koch and Aculus lycopersici (Tryon) and their relation to prevailing weather variables on three Tomato cultivars 'Aliaa', 'Login' and 'Zena' in Shebeen El-Kom, Menoufia governorate, Egypt, during Summer and Nile seasons of 2021. The three tomato cultivars significantly differed in their susceptibility to T. urticae and A. lycopersici infestation. Login cultivar was the most highly significant susceptible to T. urticae and A. lycopersici infestation respectively 23.27 & 35.09, 24.50 and 28.88 individuals/ leaflet. In the summer season, T. urticae and A. lycopersici has one peak in mid-July of the three cultivars recorded 34.93, 44.23 and 30.83 individuals/ leaflet for T. urticae and 55.37, 58.23 and 35.40 for individuals/ leaflet for A. lycopersici. While in Nile season the two mite pests have one peak in mid-November on Aliaa and Zena and in late October on the Login cultivar. Population dynamics of T. urticae and A. lycopersici on the three Tomato cultivars during the summer season were affected significantly positive correlation by temperature, while it has a non-significantly negative correlation with relative humidity. Results showed that changes in the host plant's nutritional content had a greater impact on the dynamics of the mite population than did changes in the weather. Statistical analysis indicated that highly significant positive correlation between the three predators and the two phytophagous mites T. urticae and A. lycopersici population on three Tomato cultivars. In conclusion, these results of the current study contribute to developing an effective plan for the IPM of phytophagous mites on tomatoes.}, keywords = {phytophagous mites,weather factor,rust mite,Predacious,Lycopersicon esculentum}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_278255.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_278255_0f5d21d8ba2fa8b243bca8ba9399728f.pdf} }