Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075910220181201Ecotoxicological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on the Wild Rat, Rattus norvegicus1132272910.21608/eajbsz.2018.22729ENZeinab Z. K.KhaterDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, EgyptHend Sh.GhareebPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptMona H.IbraheimDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, EgyptJournal Article20181224The effect of electromagnetic radiation at frequencies (50, 100, 200 & 250 Hz) and intensity of 2 mT on the mortality of <em>Rattus</em> <em>norvegicus norvegicus</em> rat by oral administration of water exposed to this radiation for four hours was investigated. Effect of the sublethal frequency on the physicochemical parameters of water, count of bacteria in water and liver tissues of the rat were also studied. After one month of the experiment, the highest frequency 250 Hz recorded 80% mortality of rats. While, the lowest frequency 50 Hz not exhibited any mortality till the end of experiment. This sublethal frequency caused an increase in temperature, a decrease in total dissolved solids and no change in pH value, salinity, chlorinity and alkalinity of water. It showed also observed bactericidal effect against the water bacteria. It is significantly reduced the number of <em>Escherichia</em> <em>coli</em> and <em>Serratia</em> <em>marcescens</em> colonies and completely prevent the growth of <em>Klebsiella</em> <em>pneumoniae</em>, <em>Pseudomonas</em> <em>fluorescens</em>, <em>Staphylococcus</em> <em>aureus</em> and <em>Staphylococcus</em> <em>epidermidis</em> bacteria in comparing to the unexposed water (control). Destroying in the liver tissue cells was also recorded by this frequency.https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_22729_1feb48c93df7c63de7d385397fbfba3e.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075910220181201Chitosan and Nano-Chitosan Efficacy Against the Land Snails Eobania vermiculata and Monacha obstructa (Muller) Under Laboratory Conditions15252273010.21608/eajbsz.2018.22730ENEman KamelKhidrPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.Journal Article20181224The effect of chitosan and nano-chitosan on the land snails <em>Eobania vermiculata</em> and <em>Monacha obstructa</em> was investigated. Under laboratory conditions, the LC<sub>50</sub> values recorded, 8.6%. and 6.9 % for <em>E. vermiculata</em> and<em> M. obstructa</em> treated with chitosan, respectively. On the other hand, snails treated with different concentrations of nano-chitosan, resulted in LC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.4% and 0.16% for <em>E. vermiculata </em>and <em>M. obstructa,</em> respectively. The effects of both compounds on certain biochemical parameters were recognized. When chitosan and nano-chitosan were applied at the LC<sub>50</sub> level, the total protein activities showed significant increase compared to control for <em>E. vermiculata</em>. The same compounds showed a significant decrease in the level of total protein for<em> M. obstructa</em> . Natural chitosan increased the level of total lipid from 32.5 to 52.5 g/dL after the treatment. While nano-chitosan increased it up to 78.33 g/dL for <em>E. vermiculata</em>. Also, natural chitosan increased the total lipid from 25.0 to 37.5 g/dL for<em> M. obstructa</em> compared to an increase of 52.5g/dL attained by the effect of nano-chitosan particles.https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_22730_768781f2c88a546cc0f19fcc8c9a64c6.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075910220181201Sequence Variations and Phylogeny Relationships Among Seven River Nile Teleosti Species from Qena, Egypt Based on Mitochondrial 16S Rrna Gene Sequences27402273110.21608/eajbsz.2018.22731ENMohammed Bassyouni M.EL-MahdiLaboratory of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biology, Zoology
Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptJournal Article20181224The amplified PCR products from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene were sequenced for seven River Nile teleost species. The obtained sequences ranged in size from 557 (<em>Clarias gariepinus</em>) to 602 (<em>Bagrus bajad</em>) nucleotides. Nucleic acid base composition of the 16S rRNA gene sequences were found to be comparable to other vertebrates having higher AT content relative to GC content. The 16S rRNA sequences have variable regions flanked by six conserved stretches, which could be useful for phylogenetic studies. Results indicated the close genetic relations among the studied actinopterygian River Nile fish species, which are likely to share a common ancestor. These new sequence data could be beneficial for effective fish management, conservation and aquaculture purposes. The value in generating sequence data from other family representatives of River Nile telesot species using the 16S rRNA gene primers developed here could provide a useful contribution to future fish phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of fish in this regionhttps://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_22731_583bd6fcc67d568ac1fc8749f5fcba73.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075910220181201Effects of Fullerene C60 and Fruit Extract of Balanites aegyptiaca Plant on the Nephrotoxicity and Hematotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin in Diabetic Male Albino Rats.41522273210.21608/eajbsz.2018.22732ENAbd EL-Raheim A.EL-ShaterZoology Department, Faculty of Science; South Valley University, QenaMuhammad M. M. A.SalmanZoology Department, Faculty of Science; South Valley University, QenaNaglaa R. A.KasemZoology Department, Faculty of Science; South Valley University, QenaMariam A.FawyZoology Department, Faculty of Science; South Valley University, QenaJournal Article20181224There was a relationship between hyperglycemia and pharmakinetic of toxicity of doxorubicin that leads to increasing oxidative stress on cells. This study was aimed to detect the curative effect of some antioxidants drugs (fullerene C<sub>60</sub> and mesocarp fruit extract of <em>Balanites aegyptaica</em>) on the hematological and biochemical of kidney function parameters after induced by diabetes and toxicity with doxorubicin on the rats. nine groups of adult male albino rats were established (n= 8). The first group (Gp. 1) was served as a normal group. Gp. 2 was injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) with by streptozotocin at a single dose (45 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats (Gp. 3)were injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) with doxorubicin at the dose (5mg/kg body weight)for three days.Diabetic rats (Gp. 4) was given orally fullerene C<sub>60</sub> daily at the dose (4 mg/kg body weight).Diabetic rats (Gp. 5) treated orally bymesocarp fruit extract of <em>Balanites aegyptaica</em>at dose (1.5ml/kg. body weight). Diabetic rats(Gp. 6) treated orally with fullerene C<sub>60</sub> plus mesocarp fruit extract of <em>Balanites aegyptaica</em>. Diabetic rats (Gp. 7) intoxicated DOX treated orally with fullerene C<sub>60</sub>. Diabetic rats (Gp. 8) intoxicated DOX treated orally with mesocarp fruit extract of <em>Balanites aegyptaica</em>. Diabetic rats (Gp. 9) treated orally with fullerene C<sub>60</sub> plus mesocarp fruit extract of <em>Balanites aegyptaica</em>. Whole blood and serum were collected for hematological and biochemical of kidney functions examinations, respectively. Diabetes induces, hematotoxicity was determined by a highly significant decrease in red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), blood Platelets (PLTs), haemoglobin (Hb) and PCV value, as well as nephropathy was determined by a highly significant increase in creatinne, urea and uric acid. diabetic rats intoxicated DOX showed the reduction in hematological parameters, also, there were a highly significant increase in kidney function parameters. Fullerene C<sub>60</sub> and mesocarp fruit extract of <em>Balanites aegyptaica</em> meliorated hematological and kidney functions indices. It could be concluded that Fullerene C<sub>60</sub> and <em>Balanites aegyptiaca</em>, clarified a modulatory role against the cellular damage produced by oxidative stress.https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_22732_7a12dca4a6f4d7583d3e75107ade2c92.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075910220181201Assessment of the Toxic and Teratogenic Effects of Kamagong (Diospyros discolor Willd.) Leaves Extract to the Developing Embryo of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)53602273310.21608/eajbsz.2018.22733ENJ. F.FlavianoAssemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School, Lias Marilao, Bilacan, PhilippinesM. A. A.KennikerAssemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School, Lias Marilao, Bilacan, PhilippinesF. J. C.GandaAssemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School, Lias Marilao, Bilacan, PhilippinesJ.SacedorAssemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School, Lias Marilao, Bilacan, PhilippinesM. Y. S.LeeDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Bulacan State University, City of Malolos, Bulacan, PhilippinesK. S. P.CabuhatAD-Drugstel Pharmaceutical Laboratories Inc., First Bulacan Industrial City, Tikay Malolos, Bulacan, PhilippinesJournal Article20181224This work highlighted the embryo-toxic and teratogenic effects of <em>D. discolor </em>leaves extract to the embryo of <em>D. rerio, </em>a model. Apparently, 100% mortality of embryos was observed in 5% and 10% treatment concentration at 12 hpta. Meanwhile, mortality in lower concentrations increases as time of exposure is prolonged and as the amount of treatment concentration increases. Coagulation was the toxic effect of the plant water extract. On the other hand, heartbeat and hatchability rate decreases as the amount of treatment concentration increases. In terms of teratogenicity, tail malformation was the most marked teratogenic effect of the plant extract. Moreover, growth retardation, head malformation, yolk deformities and abdominal edema were observed. Altogether, <em>D. discolor</em> leaves water extract exhibit toxic and teratogenic effects against <em>D. rerio </em>embryo. Thus, this plant contains active phytochemical components that can be developed as anticancer drugs.https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_22733_d81db4a3373bafcb60fe5a14ad7a10c4.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075910220181201Biological Aspects on the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896) Inhabiting the Bardawil Lagoon, Northern Sinai, Egypt61772469610.21608/eajbsz.2018.24696ENRadyABiology and Geology Dept., Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptSallam W.S.Marine Science Dept., Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptAbdou N. E.I.Biology and Geology Dept., Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt,El-Sayed A. A.MZoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190115A total of 161 specimens of <em>C. sapidus</em> were collected during the fishing season from November 2016 to July 2017, of the 100 specimens were males (62.1%) and 61 were females (37.9%). The number of obtained specimens has seasonally fluctuated. The highest number of individuals was 67 (41.6%) obtained during spring, compared with the minimum number of 28 individuals (17.4%) collected in summer. The present results showed that 87.3% of the population fell within 75 and 124.9 mm CW and was represented by two modes comprising the sub adults and adults. There were seasonal changes in the size frequency distribution of pooled samples of this species<em>.</em> Males over-dominated females and were represented by the general sex ratio of 1:0.61 males: females. This ratio was tested using the Chi-square (X<sup>2</sup>) Test for Goodness (P<0.05, df=1) and recorded significant differences in autumn and winter (X<sup>2</sup> = 20.82 and 9.32, respectively),where males outnumbered females, but not significant in spring and summer. These results showed also that five maturity stages of females were determined based on morphological shapes called immature, maturing, mature, ripe and spent,but no ovigerous females were detected among the seasonally obtained specimens. The estimated size for 50% sexually mature females was 96 mm CW. There were seasonal changes in the percentage of females with regard to the different maturation stages. Gonad index indicated that males had the highest average in spring and exceeded females which had the highest in summer.https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_24696_333c0a0c91bc781c9ee81271cdf497aa.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075910220181201Phytoplankton Composition and Dynamics at A Tropical Tidal Creek, Lagos.79892483710.21608/eajbsz.2018.24837ENOnyema I.C.Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, LagosJournal Article20190116<strong>T</strong>he diversity and dynamics of phytoplankton at a tropical tidal creek in Lagos, in relation to water chemistry changes, were investigated for twenty-four months. Water samples were collected with a 75cl plastic bottle whereas phytoplankton samples were collected by a 55 µm mesh size standard plankton net towed horizontally for 5 mins at <4 Km/h. Water samples were processed to the laboratory for analysis and the phytoplankton samples were preserved by the addition of 4% unbuffered formalin. Water chemistry characteristics were measured using standard methods. The drop count microscopic analysis method was used to study the phytoplankton. Notable parameters that showed marked variations with season include salinity (0.17 – 30.4‰), rainfall (6 – 330mm), transparency (26 – 191cm), total suspended solids (30 - 360 mg/L), total hardness (18 - 3760 mg/L), chloride (60 - 11165 mg/L), conductivity (263 - 32900 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (197 - 21230 mg/L), sulphate (18.9 - 1140 mg/L), nitrate (4.1 - 42 mg/L), calcium (4.9 – 400.2 mg/L), Magnesium (1.4 - 648 mg/L) and iron (0.08 – 0.99 mg/L). A total of sixty-four phytoplankton species (dominated by diatoms) from five (5) algal classes namely Bacillariophyceae (43 species), Cyanophyceae (11 species), Chlorophyceae (7 species), Euglenophyceae (2 species) and Chrysophyceae (1 species) were observed. The green algae, euglenoids and golden brown algae were more frequently occurring during the wet season. The species with the highest biomass (in terms of numbers) was <em>Aulacoseira granulata </em>var. <em>augustissima. </em>The preponderance of very few species primarily <em>Aulocoseira</em> and <em>Microcystis </em>species in the wet season and <em>Coscinodiscus, Actinoptycus, Odontella </em>and <em>Parabelius </em>species in the dry season is a reflection of the changing water conditions within the tidal creek system from season to season and from fresh to high brackish water conditions. Freshwater taxa in the lagoon were primarily recruited from the freshwater areas especially upstream and including the Ologe lagoon from where they existed in higher concentration and usually brought in with floodwater inflow during the rains. Species of <em>Surirella</em> where likely scoured from the creek substratum whereas <em>Parabelius</em> (tube diatoms) were detached from attached submerged hard substrateshttps://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_24837_478154799f96ef6a6771b4bed06c474a.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075910220181201Morphometric Studies of the Esophagus and Stomach in Two Types of Birds Have Different Feeding Behaviors91972993610.21608/eajbsz.2018.29936ENFathy M.ElshaerZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181126<strong>Aim of the work:</strong> The present work aims to investigate the morphometrical, aspects of the esophagus and stomach in two different Egyptian birds having different food habits.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The animals under investigation are Kingfisher (<em>Halcyon smyrnensis</em>), and Hoopoes (<em>Upupa epops</em>). These birds were caught from Abou-Rawash. Constituency and the Nile Delta in Egypt. The birds were dissected the esophagus and stomach were fixed and stained for the morphometric and microscopic comparative study.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>From the current results, it was revealed that there are some morphometric differences between the esophagus in kingfishers and hoopoe. The esophagus of kingfishers is shorter than hoopoe, while the stomach (proventriculus length and wide) are moderately bigger than in hoopoe species. Stomach in the two studied birds is divided into two parts, glandular or true stomach (proventriculus) and the muscular stomach or gizzard (ventriculus). The glandular stomach of both kingfisher and hoopoe showing moderate differences in length and width. The relative size of these organs was variable according to the food habits and this may be the reasons of the differences between the two stomachs, so, in the birds that eat hard food items as in kingfisher proventriculus (bird species under investigation) was wide due to the high number of glands component.https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_29936_960087f016baa4e0bc12a2298d050e01.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology2090-075910220181201Abundance and Distribution of Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated With Some Different Plant Hosts991094700710.21608/eajbsz.2018.47007ENEntsar H.TahaDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, EgyptJournal Article20181127Our survey conducted to study the distribution and abundance of plant parasitic nematodes associated with different vegetation in Shoubra El-Kheima. Nematode infection had not been surveyed before in this area. The data showed the presence of ten plant parasitic nematode genera, which were: <em>Meloidogyne </em>sp., <em>Helicotylenchus </em>sp., <em>Criconema </em>sp., <em>Pratylenchus </em>sp., <em>Rotylenchulus</em>, <em>Tylenchorhynchus </em>sp., <em>Tylenchulus</em>, <em>Paratylenchus </em>sp.,<em> Tylenchus </em>sp., and <em>Xiphinema </em>sp. Nematodes were extracted by using modified burmman funnel and identified using identification keys. Results showed that <em>Meloidogyne </em>was the most common plant parasitic nematode. Data demonstrated that, 10 genera of plant parasitic nematodes were recorded to be associated with the examined crops. The highest and lowest frequency of occurrence (FO %) of nematodes in vegetable hosts were represented by <em>Meloidogyne</em> and <em>Paratylenchus</em> (26.0% and 10.5% respectively). While, the genera <em>Criconemella, Xiphinema, </em>and<em> Tylenchulus</em> didn't record in the examined vegetable plants. On the other hand, data of fruits recorded that: Highest and lowest Fo% of nematodes were <em>Meloidogyne</em> and <em>Criconemella</em> (53.3% and 7.8% respectively). Ornamentals showed that, highest FO% was <em>Meloidogyne</em> (27.0) and lowest was <em>Tylenchus</em> and <em>Tylenchorhynchus</em> equally (1.7). Conclusion: <em>Meloidogyne</em>, and <em>Pratylenchus</em> were the widest genera in distribution. Moreover, tomato, grapes, and <em>Ficus</em> <em>carica</em> were highly susceptible.https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_47007_d5ab794fb64c1be6374a5f81c7055968.pdf